{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402742722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528","title":"GPS Spoofing Attack Recognition for UAVs With Limited Samples","display_name":"GPS Spoofing Attack Recognition for UAVs With Limited Samples","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402742722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111339761","display_name":"Dingchen She","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingchen She","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688855","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-7908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040859104","display_name":"Zhisheng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-788X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhisheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ISN and the School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-788X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN and the School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115593076","display_name":"Jiaqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7293-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023442991","display_name":"Haifeng Shan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Corporation Limited Jiangsu Branch, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Corporation Limited Jiangsu Branch, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98367808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.798661470413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7674232125282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7398595213890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45442983508110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3472822308540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3316761255264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17988738417625427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.798661470413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7674232125282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7398595213890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45442983508110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3472822308540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3316761255264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17988738417625427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3465528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2431901763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2023027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451195247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001525166","https://openalex.org/W2332630870","https://openalex.org/W2522615148","https://openalex.org/W2585316664","https://openalex.org/W2593150782","https://openalex.org/W2766721965","https://openalex.org/W2897501030","https://openalex.org/W2943121541","https://openalex.org/W2976243291","https://openalex.org/W2996771639","https://openalex.org/W3014666486","https://openalex.org/W3021027848","https://openalex.org/W3032244443","https://openalex.org/W3039157387","https://openalex.org/W3043568983","https://openalex.org/W3080322419","https://openalex.org/W3168698109","https://openalex.org/W3188301062","https://openalex.org/W3215013946","https://openalex.org/W4205954621","https://openalex.org/W4225502845","https://openalex.org/W4226427184","https://openalex.org/W4283277642","https://openalex.org/W4285271403","https://openalex.org/W4288781252","https://openalex.org/W4313289129","https://openalex.org/W4319068913","https://openalex.org/W4323567425","https://openalex.org/W4385450433","https://openalex.org/W4386590153","https://openalex.org/W4387546377","https://openalex.org/W4387682344","https://openalex.org/W4389428556","https://openalex.org/W4391097133","https://openalex.org/W4392822721","https://openalex.org/W4392928519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W4401097268","https://openalex.org/W2945504560","https://openalex.org/W4388934690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,72,100],"malicious":[2],"attack":[3,11,30,69,108],"targeting":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6,13,22,41,49,52,58,77,87,113,124,145,148,155],"GPS":[7,9,67,106],"receiver,":[8],"spoofing":[10,53,68,107],"interferes":[12],"normal":[14],"received":[15],"satellite":[16],"signal":[17],"by":[18,127],"reproducing":[19],"or":[20],"relaying":[21],"signal,":[23,56],"resulting":[24],"in":[25,40,76],"severe":[26],"position":[27],"deviation.":[28],"Such":[29],"has":[31],"posed":[32],"significant":[33],"security":[34],"threat":[35],"to":[36,48,104,132,143,161],"unmanned-aerial-vehicles":[37],"(UAVs),":[38],"especially":[39],"era":[42],"of":[43,51,60,66,79,147],"low-altitude":[44],"economics.":[45],"However,":[46],"due":[47],"similarity":[50],"and":[54,57,64,137,163,169],"intended":[55],"presence":[59],"noise,":[61],"accurate":[62],"detection":[63],"recognition":[65,114,156],"still":[70],"remains":[71],"challenging":[73],"issue,":[74],"particularly":[75],"case":[78],"limited":[80,120],"samples.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"article,":[84],"we":[85,122],"apply":[86],"AdaBoost-CNN":[88,125],"algorithm,":[89],"which":[90],"combines":[91],"multiple":[92],"weak":[93],"convolutional":[94],"neural":[95],"network":[96,130],"(CNN)":[97],"classifiers":[98],"into":[99],"strong":[101],"classification":[102],"model,":[103],"achieve":[105],"recognition.":[109],"To":[110],"further":[111],"improve":[112,123],"accuracy":[115,157],"when":[116],"there":[117],"are":[118,141],"very":[119],"samples,":[121,172],"algorithm":[126],"transferring":[128],"previous":[129],"parameters":[131],"subsequent":[133],"CNN.":[134],"Both":[135],"simulated":[136,167],"real":[138],"measurement":[139],"data":[140],"employed":[142],"verify":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"proposed":[149],"scheme.":[150],"It":[151],"is":[152],"shown":[153],"that":[154],"can":[158],"reach":[159],"up":[160],"93.75%":[162],"95.83%":[164],"with":[165],"160":[166],"samples":[168],"120":[170],"measured":[171],"respectively.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}