{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402301184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577","title":"Cascaded FSO Systems With Optical Reflecting Surfaces","display_name":"Cascaded FSO Systems With Optical Reflecting Surfaces","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402301184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039948650","display_name":"Narendra Vishwakarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-2870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra Vishwakarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-2870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036877094","display_name":"R Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-0144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaminathan R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Indore, Indore, India","Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Indore (IIT), Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-0144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Indore (IIT), Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050704435","display_name":"Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-8311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744244","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7648974,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"38631","last_page":"38644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8932999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8932999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.8287000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.7545999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.705720067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3676695227622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33821672201156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32249826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18478503823280334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.705720067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3676695227622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33821672201156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32249826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18478503823280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3455577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/180106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G113666275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCP-NTU-RG-2022-014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"reconfigurable":[1],"intelligent":[2],"surfaces":[3,53],"(RISs)":[4],"have":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,19],"a":[8,42,56],"highly":[9],"promising":[10],"technology":[11],"within":[12],"the":[13,22,39,80,94,129,132,145,158,163,181,190,197],"realm":[14],"of":[15,41,79,102,144,165,183,192,199],"wireless":[16],"communication":[17],"systems,":[18],"they":[20],"offer":[21],"potential":[23],"to":[24,207],"minimize":[25],"obstructions,":[26],"enhance":[27],"reliability,":[28],"and":[29,87,97,118,124,138,177,185,203],"establish":[30],"alternative":[31],"paths":[32],"for":[33,74,121,135],"signal":[34],"propagation.":[35],"This":[36],"article":[37],"presents":[38],"performance":[40,164,191],"free":[43],"space":[44],"optics":[45],"(FSOs)":[46],"system":[47,149],"empowered":[48],"by":[49,64,172],"multiple":[50,147],"optical":[51],"reflecting":[52],"(ORSs)":[54],"over":[55],"Gamma-Gamma":[57],"turbulence-induced":[58],"fading":[59],"channel":[60,68,83],"with":[61,153],"pointing":[62,175,201],"errors":[63],"considering":[65,84],"imperfections":[66],"in":[67,196],"state":[69],"information":[70],"(CSI).":[71],"The":[72],"expressions":[73,134],"probability":[75,137],"density":[76],"function":[77,100],"(PDF)":[78],"end-to-end":[81],"FSO":[82,167,194,208],"both":[85,122],"perfect":[86,123],"imperfect":[88,125,178,204],"CSI":[89,126],"cases":[90],"are":[91,107,150],"derived.":[92],"Further,":[93],"unified":[95],"PDF":[96],"cumulative":[98],"distribution":[99],"(CDF)":[101],"instantaneous":[103],"signal-to-noise":[104],"ratio":[105],"(SNR)":[106],"determined":[108],"under":[109],"two":[110],"detection":[111,117,120],"schemes,":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"intensity":[114],"modulation/":[115],"direct":[116],"heterodyne":[119],"cases.":[127],"Utilizing":[128],"derived":[130],"CDFs,":[131],"closed-form":[133],"outage":[136],"average":[139],"symbol":[140],"error":[141],"rate":[142],"(ASER)":[143],"proposed":[146],"ORSs":[148,184],"obtained":[151],"along":[152],"performing":[154],"asymptotic":[155],"analysis.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"numerical":[159],"results":[160],"indicate":[161],"that":[162],"ORS-assisted":[166,193],"systems":[168,195,209],"is":[169],"significantly":[170],"degraded":[171],"severe":[173],"turbulence,":[174,200],"errors,":[176,202],"CSI.":[179],"However,":[180],"inclusion":[182],"increasing":[186],"their":[187],"number":[188],"improves":[189],"presence":[198],"CSI,":[205],"compared":[206],"without":[210],"ORSs.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}