{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401795063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587","title":"Research on an M-Ary Frequency Shift Keying With Index Modulation System for Underwater Acoustic Communication","display_name":"Research on an M-Ary Frequency Shift Keying With Index Modulation System for Underwater Acoustic Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401795063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021768171","display_name":"Xiaoyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-0716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062638548","display_name":"Yuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020485512","display_name":"Junhui Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhui Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052506297","display_name":"Feng Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-2743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Navigation and Location Service Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021768171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79839584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"38537","last_page":"38551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.7823699712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6215541362762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5894022583961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.5297309756278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.5155327320098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.49366626143455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.48405617475509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.47642311453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4745693504810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.47172465920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.4670865535736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.46161043643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.44484665989875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.4424247741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4384867548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4013332724571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3545611500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2989494800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.2069176733493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19363829493522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1609061062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14947521686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.14825552701950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.11638441681861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09885740280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08995142579078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0701119601726532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.7823699712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6215541362762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5894022583961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.5297309756278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5155327320098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.49366626143455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.48405617475509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.47642311453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4745693504810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.47172465920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.4670865535736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.46161043643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.44484665989875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.4424247741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4384867548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4013332724571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3545611500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2989494800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2069176733493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19363829493522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1609061062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14947521686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.14825552701950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.11638441681861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09885740280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08995142579078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0701119601726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3447587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8575322864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20720210078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989032341","https://openalex.org/W2049501786","https://openalex.org/W2050059753","https://openalex.org/W2143406517","https://openalex.org/W2143749814","https://openalex.org/W2160040173","https://openalex.org/W2167153916","https://openalex.org/W2195898425","https://openalex.org/W2226295736","https://openalex.org/W2275984657","https://openalex.org/W2287471996","https://openalex.org/W2405736374","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2609728375","https://openalex.org/W2790080301","https://openalex.org/W2895181010","https://openalex.org/W2899885457","https://openalex.org/W2950693696","https://openalex.org/W2983642735","https://openalex.org/W3000578836","https://openalex.org/W3081156480","https://openalex.org/W3133992064","https://openalex.org/W3185546912","https://openalex.org/W4285804272","https://openalex.org/W4286655640","https://openalex.org/W4304166147","https://openalex.org/W4310379471","https://openalex.org/W4311989208","https://openalex.org/W4312490798","https://openalex.org/W4313568136","https://openalex.org/W4383504023","https://openalex.org/W4385656676","https://openalex.org/W4386893875","https://openalex.org/W4399110624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735774192","https://openalex.org/W4386630557","https://openalex.org/W2766133145","https://openalex.org/W1517615495","https://openalex.org/W2901115704","https://openalex.org/W1869045282","https://openalex.org/W2930261234","https://openalex.org/W2554148303","https://openalex.org/W4243385159","https://openalex.org/W3207093971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0,24],"acoustic":[1],"(UWA)":[2],"communication":[3,217],"provides":[4],"an":[5,226],"effective":[6],"way":[7],"for":[8,18,79,142,171,186],"underwater":[9],"devices":[10],"to":[11,53,126,181],"establish":[12],"wireless":[13],"links,":[14],"which":[15,162],"is":[16,50,86,140,163,169,196],"crucial":[17],"the":[19,54,132,143,150,172,183,190,193,212],"development":[20],"of":[21,23,135,152,192,222,229],"Internet":[22],"Things":[25],"(IoUT).":[26],"Because":[27],"noncoherent":[28],"orthogonal":[29],"frequency":[30,35],"division":[31],"multiplexing":[32],"with":[33,99,113,121,145,166,218],"M-ary":[34],"shift":[36],"keying":[37],"(OFDM-MFSK)":[38],"adopts":[39],"energy":[40],"detection":[41],"methods":[42],"without":[43],"channel":[44,47,167],"estimation":[45],"and":[46,68,116,200],"equalization,":[48],"it":[49,75],"not":[51],"sensitive":[52],"challenges":[55],"posed":[56],"by":[57,93,130,206],"UWA":[58,80],"channels,":[59],"including":[60],"low":[61],"signal-to-noise":[62],"ratio":[63,185],"(SNR),":[64],"large":[65],"Doppler":[66],"effect,":[67],"time-varying":[69],"multipath":[70],"propagation.":[71],"As":[72],"a":[73,159,208,219],"result,":[74],"exhibits":[76],"strong":[77],"robustness":[78],"communication.":[81],"However,":[82],"its":[83],"spectral":[84],"efficiency":[85,191],"severely":[87],"limited.":[88],"In":[89,204],"this":[90],"article,":[91],"inspired":[92],"index":[94],"modulation":[95],"(IM)":[96],"technology,":[97],"OFDM-MFSK":[98,112,120],"IM":[100,114,122],"systems":[101,195,214],"are":[102,107,179],"proposed.":[103],"Specifically,":[104],"two":[105],"schemes":[106],"proposed:":[108],"separate":[109],"spectrum":[110,118],"band":[111,119],"(SOMI)":[115],"time":[117,153],"(TOMI).":[123],"SOMI":[124],"aims":[125],"overcome":[127],"frequency-selective":[128],"fading":[129],"leveraging":[131],"performance":[133],"gain":[134],"multiple":[136],"subbands,":[137],"while":[138],"TOMI":[139],"suitable":[141],"channels":[144],"extremely":[146],"limited":[147],"bandwidth":[148],"at":[149],"expense":[151],"slots.":[154],"To":[155],"further":[156],"enhance":[157],"performance,":[158],"soft-decision":[160],"algorithm,":[161],"easily":[164],"combined":[165],"decoding,":[168],"adopted":[170],"proposed":[173,194,213],"systems.":[174],"The":[175],"combination":[176],"probability":[177],"matrices":[178],"utilized":[180],"calculate":[182],"log-likelihood":[184],"each":[187],"bit.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"demonstrated":[197],"through":[198],"simulation":[199],"sea":[201],"trial":[202],"experiments.":[203],"particular,":[205],"using":[207],"single":[209],"receiving":[210],"array,":[211],"achieve":[215],"error-free":[216],"data":[220],"rate":[221],"2688":[223],"bps":[224],"under":[225],"average":[227],"SNR":[228],"11.88":[230],"dB.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
