{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554","title":"H\u00b2CT: Asynchronous Distributed Key Generation With High-Computational Efficiency and Threshold Security in Blockchain Network","display_name":"H\u00b2CT: Asynchronous Distributed Key Generation With High-Computational Efficiency and Threshold Security in Blockchain Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047910167","display_name":"Axin Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Axin Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102429252","display_name":"Hongfeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5028-6843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052363813","display_name":"Youliang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youliang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060659901","display_name":"Jinbo Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbo Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology, College of Computer and Cyber Security, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology, College of Computer and Cyber Security, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737552","display_name":"Linjie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128208","display_name":"Tongren University","ror":"https://ror.org/035hxad97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128208"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Tongren University, Tongren, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Tongren University, Tongren, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092183399","display_name":"Changgen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1410-0612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changgen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047910167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8061222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"20","first_page":"33758","last_page":"33772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7925035953521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7867650985717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6576902270317078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5993012189865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.4241792559623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4055207073688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3652647137641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.30479976534843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2681189179420471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7925035953521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7867650985717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6576902270317078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5993012189865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.4241792559623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4055207073688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3652647137641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.30479976534843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2681189179420471}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3431554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G132680173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2020]5017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336617","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4006813409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7339968161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8023207571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023J02014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8933663338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2022]065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336617","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G968270831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336617","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48039395","https://openalex.org/W136358653","https://openalex.org/W1646354800","https://openalex.org/W2003930437","https://openalex.org/W2011665720","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2039727452","https://openalex.org/W2100666958","https://openalex.org/W2138775315","https://openalex.org/W2140036537","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2153193245","https://openalex.org/W2168970529","https://openalex.org/W2401492698","https://openalex.org/W2739710254","https://openalex.org/W2890219821","https://openalex.org/W2911825405","https://openalex.org/W2988763627","https://openalex.org/W2998977406","https://openalex.org/W3007185394","https://openalex.org/W3106855293","https://openalex.org/W3133452475","https://openalex.org/W3151272651","https://openalex.org/W3152310355","https://openalex.org/W3189321855","https://openalex.org/W3214624280","https://openalex.org/W4286210375","https://openalex.org/W4288057794","https://openalex.org/W4309634071","https://openalex.org/W4312731257","https://openalex.org/W4324007517","https://openalex.org/W4324116453","https://openalex.org/W4385688586","https://openalex.org/W4389509728","https://openalex.org/W4391621069","https://openalex.org/W4392858103","https://openalex.org/W4394875987","https://openalex.org/W4395680545","https://openalex.org/W4395957583","https://openalex.org/W6712970727","https://openalex.org/W6741771530","https://openalex.org/W6773899331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W3125305833","https://openalex.org/W2560394302","https://openalex.org/W2013817888","https://openalex.org/W2363759744","https://openalex.org/W2348393504","https://openalex.org/W2000260307","https://openalex.org/W2380713189","https://openalex.org/W269309995","https://openalex.org/W3094714434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Asynchronous":[0],"distributed":[1],"key":[2,8],"generation":[3],"(ADKG)":[4],"is":[5,205],"a":[6,16,53,62,88,154],"strong-robustness":[7],"management":[9,24],"technology":[10],"to":[11,43,70,115,134,153,181,207,209],"bootstrap":[12],"threshold":[13,26,82],"cryptosystems":[14],"without":[15],"global":[17],"clock,":[18],"which":[19],"can":[20],"enable":[21],"decentralized":[22],"security":[23,55],"for":[25,68],"digital":[27],"wallets":[28],"in":[29,52,123,143,175],"blockchain":[30,69,244],"network.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[33,45,49,72,102,124,129,140,144,149,168,176,186,198,201,213,220,224,235,248],"high-computational":[34],"cost":[35,171],"of":[36,75,105,132,185,251],"existing":[37,187],"ADKG":[38,65],"protocols":[39],"makes":[40],"it":[41,80],"difficult":[42],"remove":[44],"\u201cslow\u201d":[46],"connotation":[47],"from":[48,108],"word":[50],"\u201casynchronous\u201d":[51],"high-threshold":[54],"context.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58,165],"article,":[59],"we":[60,85,147,238],"propose":[61],"simpler":[63],"\u201ctwo-high\u201d":[64],"protocol":[66],"(H2CT)":[67],"improve":[71],"computational":[73,103],"efficiency":[74,249],"asynchronous":[76,91],"communications":[77],"while":[78],"balancing":[79],"with":[81],"security.":[83],"Concretely,":[84],"first":[86],"construct":[87],"computationally":[89],"efficient":[90],"complete":[92],"secret":[93],"sharing":[94],"(ACSS)":[95],"scheme":[96,152,158],"using":[97,160],"number":[98],"theory":[99],"transformation,":[100],"reducing":[101],"complexity":[104],"share":[106],"evaluation":[107],"<inline-formula":[109,116,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[110,117,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[111,118,192],"<tex-math":[112,119,193],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(n^{2})$":[113],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[114,122],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(n\\log":[120],"n)$":[121],"dealing":[125],"phase.":[126],"To":[127],"eliminate":[128],"negative":[130],"impact":[131],"up":[133,208],"t":[135],"biased":[136],"secrets":[137],"brought":[138],"by":[139,226],"implicate":[141],"messages":[142],"agreement":[145],"phase,":[146],"extend":[148],"verifiable":[150,156],"ACSS":[151,157],"publicly":[155],"(pvACSS)":[159],"Feldman":[161],"polynomial":[162],"commitment.":[163],"Leveraging":[164],"enhanced":[166],"randomness,":[167],"matrix":[169],"computation":[170],"and":[172,212,219,230],"message":[173],"size":[174,203],"remaining":[177],"phases":[178],"are":[179],"reduced":[180],"about":[182],"half":[183],"that":[184,216],"works,":[188],"i.e.,":[189],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(2n^{2})$":[194],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"considering":[197],"high-scalability":[199],"requirements,":[200],"network":[202],"n":[204],"increased":[206],"1024":[210],"nodes":[211],"results":[214],"show":[215],"our":[217,252],"pvACSS":[218],"derived":[221],"H2CT":[222,253],"reduce":[223],"runtime":[225],"approximately":[227],"33.96":[228],"s":[229],"824.46":[231],"s,":[232],"respectively,":[233],"over":[234],"state-of-the-art.":[236],"Moreover,":[237],"perform":[239],"simulations":[240],"on":[241],"an":[242],"open-source":[243],"testbed,":[245],"fully":[246],"demonstrating":[247],"advantages":[250],"protocol.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}