{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399800778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951","title":"Performance Analysis of NOMA-Enabled Active RIS-Aided MIMO Heterogeneous IoT Networks With Integrated Sensing and Communication","display_name":"Performance Analysis of NOMA-Enabled Active RIS-Aided MIMO Heterogeneous IoT Networks With Integrated Sensing and Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399800778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/47330ca5-155e-4a57-99d1-6a5d279770c1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031121302","display_name":"Abhinav Singh Parihar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinav Singh Parihar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-9340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071647281","display_name":"Keshav Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050580025","display_name":"Vimal Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075166866","display_name":"Chih\u2013Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-0921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-0921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6541,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95971215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"28137","last_page":"28152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.8949182629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7424871921539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6496595740318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5044761896133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42803096771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37225669622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35455745458602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33910271525382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.26649799942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.23428666591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.22149768471717834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.8949182629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7424871921539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6496595740318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5044761896133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42803096771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37225669622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35455745458602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33910271525382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26649799942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.23428666591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.22149768471717834}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3416951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/47330ca5-155e-4a57-99d1-6a5d279770c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/47330ca5-155e-4a57-99d1-6a5d279770c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parihar, A S, Singh, K, Bhatia, V, Li, C P & Duong, T Q 2024, 'Performance analysis of NOMA enabled active RIS-aided MIMO heterogeneous networks with integrated sensing and communication', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 17. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2024.3416951","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/47330ca5-155e-4a57-99d1-6a5d279770c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/47330ca5-155e-4a57-99d1-6a5d279770c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parihar, A S, Singh, K, Bhatia, V, Li, C P & Duong, T Q 2024, 'Performance analysis of NOMA enabled active RIS-aided MIMO heterogeneous networks with integrated sensing and communication', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 17. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2024.3416951","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1370290125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-110-038-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3834010130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2218-E-110-008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5125623672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-110-029-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G688922468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CERC-2022-00109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","funder_display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvrwm90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1690504809","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2077132930","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2206128797","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2791035328","https://openalex.org/W2805967187","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2962777436","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2994742101","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3016325548","https://openalex.org/W3022663626","https://openalex.org/W3022803879","https://openalex.org/W3034094044","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3040349383","https://openalex.org/W3040918692","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3043981101","https://openalex.org/W3045699231","https://openalex.org/W3081462673","https://openalex.org/W3081875647","https://openalex.org/W3095076735","https://openalex.org/W3099604179","https://openalex.org/W3103026331","https://openalex.org/W3120987407","https://openalex.org/W3126169607","https://openalex.org/W3126789634","https://openalex.org/W3128786808","https://openalex.org/W3134274385","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3164665462","https://openalex.org/W3165711719","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3192880923","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3194660132","https://openalex.org/W3197137431","https://openalex.org/W3198071899","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W3205135478","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W3208229673","https://openalex.org/W3211603507","https://openalex.org/W4210439023","https://openalex.org/W4211191225","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4214897534","https://openalex.org/W4226214976","https://openalex.org/W4285169037","https://openalex.org/W4285255953","https://openalex.org/W4301866048","https://openalex.org/W4301880751","https://openalex.org/W4309759479","https://openalex.org/W4312330321","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4317796282","https://openalex.org/W4319068985","https://openalex.org/W4319663557","https://openalex.org/W4321021057","https://openalex.org/W4321482224","https://openalex.org/W4327928524","https://openalex.org/W4361801433","https://openalex.org/W4366147517","https://openalex.org/W4366148673","https://openalex.org/W4377015140","https://openalex.org/W4382119156","https://openalex.org/W4385413324","https://openalex.org/W4386824700","https://openalex.org/W4388692603","https://openalex.org/W4390591128","https://openalex.org/W4390873764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2076432172","https://openalex.org/W4309235375","https://openalex.org/W2962936331","https://openalex.org/W2756429284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,90,99,129,133,156,159,164,186,189,207,216,221,238],"imminent":[2],"arrival":[3],"of":[4,9,35,37,56,89,175,188,209,230],"6G":[5],"communication,":[6],"relevance":[8],"advanced":[10],"technologies,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"multi-input-multioutput":[14],"(MIMO),":[15],"nonorthogonal":[16],"multiple":[17,197],"access":[18,198],"(NOMA),":[19],"reconfigurable":[20],"intelligent":[21],"surfaces":[22],"(RISs),":[23],"and":[24,27,59,95,119,140,163,200,235],"integrated":[25],"sensing":[26,239],"communication":[28],"(ISAC),":[29],"has":[30],"become":[31],"prominent":[32],"for":[33,69,86,106,125,147,237],"plethora":[34],"Internet":[36],"Things":[38],"(IoT)":[39],"applications.":[40],"However,":[41],"integrating":[42],"ISAC":[43],"into":[44],"a":[45,65,172],"MIMO":[46,74],"heterogeneous":[47],"network":[48,52],"(HetNets)":[49],"necessitates":[50],"reevaluating":[51],"performance":[53,240],"in":[54,73,98,215],"terms":[55],"outage":[57,142,225],"probability":[58,143],"ergodic":[60,231],"rates.":[61],"This":[62],"article":[63],"introduces":[64],"novel":[66],"analytical":[67],"framework":[68,78],"evaluating":[70],"downlink":[71],"transmissions":[72],"HetNets.":[75],"The":[76,138,183,227],"proposed":[77,190,222],"considers":[79],"independent":[80],"homogeneous":[81,117],"Poisson":[82],"point":[83],"processes":[84],"(PPP)":[85],"spatial":[87],"arrangement":[88],"NOMA-enabled":[91],"base":[92],"stations":[93],"(BSs)":[94],"users.":[96],"BS":[97,157],"tth":[100],"tier":[101],"exploits":[102],"superimposed":[103],"NOMA":[104],"signal":[105],"target":[107],"sensing.":[108],"Active":[109],"RISs":[110],"are":[111,120,145,203,241],"considered":[112],"to":[113,122,158,194],"be":[114],"distributed":[115],"with":[116],"PPP":[118],"used":[121],"mitigate":[123],"blockage":[124],"user":[126,162],"equipments":[127],"when":[128],"direct":[130,153],"link":[131],"from":[132,155],"BSs":[134],"does":[135],"not":[136],"exist.":[137],"approximated":[139,228],"asymptotic":[141],"expressions":[144,229],"derived":[146],"two":[148],"distinct":[149],"scenarios:":[150],"one":[151],"involving":[152],"transmission":[154,167],"typical":[160],"blocked":[161],"other":[165],"entailing":[166],"via":[168],"active":[169,191,223],"RIS.":[170],"Moreover,":[171],"practical":[173],"case":[174],"imperfect":[176],"successive":[177],"interference":[178],"cancelation":[179],"(i-SIC)":[180],"is":[181],"considered.":[182],"analysis":[184],"emphasizes":[185],"benefits":[187],"RIS-NOMA":[192,224],"compared":[193],"conventional":[195],"orthogonal":[196],"HetNets,":[199],"valuable":[201],"insights":[202],"drawn":[204],"by":[205],"varying":[206],"number":[208],"RIS":[210,217],"elements.":[211],"Additionally,":[212],"an":[213],"increase":[214],"elements":[218],"significantly":[219],"improves":[220],"performance.":[226],"rates,":[232],"system":[233],"throughput":[234],"beampattern":[236],"also":[242],"derived.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}