{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398188118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650","title":"LightGuard: A Lightweight Malicious Traffic Detection Method for Internet of Things","display_name":"LightGuard: A Lightweight Malicious Traffic Detection Method for Internet of Things","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398188118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032442055","display_name":"Yuehua Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-4628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuehua Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network and Information Center and the School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China","Network and Information Center, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-4628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network and Information Center and the School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network and Information Center, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063272144","display_name":"Wei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9513-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9513-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039266674","display_name":"Jiameng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4327-126X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4327-126X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085138795","display_name":"Shangyuan Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-9172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangyuan Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-9172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089769533","display_name":"Jiyan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-333X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94131809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"28566","last_page":"28577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8789888620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6339415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5941334962844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5730165839195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5460571646690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5284842252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5045336484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5007576942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4246114194393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37573936581611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3623533248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34259968996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24687808752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17901527881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.09707552194595337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8789888620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6339415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5941334962844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5730165839195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5460571646690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5284842252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5045336484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5007576942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4246114194393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37573936581611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3623533248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34259968996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24687808752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17901527881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.09707552194595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3403650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2456394570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022HS061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334111","funder_display_name":"Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445611474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JCCXAQ03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334111","display_name":"Innovation Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2743678626","https://openalex.org/W2786435018","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2922140331","https://openalex.org/W2947665255","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2969863125","https://openalex.org/W3003685271","https://openalex.org/W3005630930","https://openalex.org/W3013352974","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3083527560","https://openalex.org/W3095531713","https://openalex.org/W3113693716","https://openalex.org/W3125745247","https://openalex.org/W3128910312","https://openalex.org/W3130190988","https://openalex.org/W3164964481","https://openalex.org/W3174736870","https://openalex.org/W3177145331","https://openalex.org/W3177795942","https://openalex.org/W3185186456","https://openalex.org/W3186605584","https://openalex.org/W3199457010","https://openalex.org/W3202083238","https://openalex.org/W3209352371","https://openalex.org/W3211183476","https://openalex.org/W4205146998","https://openalex.org/W4206409835","https://openalex.org/W4206490792","https://openalex.org/W4220670806","https://openalex.org/W4220957574","https://openalex.org/W4226319939","https://openalex.org/W4226521449","https://openalex.org/W4280610250","https://openalex.org/W4296578748","https://openalex.org/W4297094626","https://openalex.org/W4297846671","https://openalex.org/W4298140744","https://openalex.org/W4299992996","https://openalex.org/W4302424534","https://openalex.org/W4304118861","https://openalex.org/W4304820084","https://openalex.org/W4312618435","https://openalex.org/W4313003565","https://openalex.org/W4382281941","https://openalex.org/W4385562531","https://openalex.org/W4387662349","https://openalex.org/W4387682168","https://openalex.org/W4388312375","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6763551207","https://openalex.org/W6840284724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2560215812","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4301867275","https://openalex.org/W2790610275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,181],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,5,45,57,114,132,167],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"devices":[8],"has":[9],"expanded":[10],"the":[11,34,41,111,126,133,140,165],"cyber":[12],"attack":[13],"surface,":[14],"posing":[15],"a":[16,54,84,105,144],"challenge":[17],"to":[18,29,52,66,119,151],"IoT":[19,35,69,91],"security.":[20],"Some":[21],"deep":[22],"learning-based":[23],"detection":[24,88,122,161],"methods":[25,47],"have":[26,72],"been":[27],"designed":[28],"detect":[30],"malicious":[31,86],"attacks":[32],"in":[33],"by":[36,169],"analyzing":[37],"network":[38],"traffic.":[39],"However,":[40],"algorithm":[42],"computational":[43,74,202],"complexity":[44],"existing":[46],"is":[48],"usually":[49],"high":[50,121],"due":[51],"having":[53],"large":[55],"number":[56],"parameters":[58],"and":[59,75,129],"iterative":[60],"training":[61],"inference,":[62],"making":[63],"them":[64],"difficult":[65],"implement":[67],"on":[68,93,110,177,192],"gateways":[70],"which":[71,116],"limited":[73],"storage":[76],"resources.":[77],"To":[78],"this":[79,81],"end,":[80],"paper":[82],"proposes":[83],"lightweight":[85,94,145],"traffic":[87],"model":[89],"for":[90],"based":[92,109],"residual":[95,107],"block":[96],"(LRB)":[97],"modules,":[98],"named":[99],"LightGuard.":[100],"Specifically,":[101],"LRB":[102,137],"module":[103,138,147,150],"designs":[104],"unique":[106],"structure":[108],"construction":[112],"idea":[113],"ShuffleNetV2,":[115],"enables":[117],"LightGuard":[118,168,186],"achieve":[120],"performance":[123],"while":[124,158,196],"reducing":[125],"parameters,":[127],"computations":[128],"inference":[130],"time":[131],"model.":[134],"In":[135],"addition,":[136],"replaces":[139],"traditional":[141],"convolution":[142],"with":[143,172,200],"convolutional":[146],"called":[148],"ghost":[149],"generate":[152],"feature":[153],"maps":[154],"at":[155],"low":[156,201],"cost":[157],"without":[159],"compromising":[160],"performance.":[162],"We":[163],"evaluate":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"comparing":[170],"it":[171],"seven":[173],"advanced":[174],"baseline":[175],"models":[176],"four":[178,194],"generic":[179],"datasets.":[180],"experimental":[182],"results":[183],"show":[184],"that":[185],"achieves":[187],"more":[188],"than":[189],"99.6%":[190],"accuracy":[191],"all":[193],"datasets,":[195],"exhibits":[197],"significant":[198],"advantages":[199],"complexity.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
