{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396982370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842","title":"Pushing the Boundaries of High-Precision AoA Estimation With Enhanced Phase Estimation Protocol","display_name":"Pushing the Boundaries of High-Precision AoA Estimation With Enhanced Phase Estimation Protocol","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396982370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079946793","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065498876","display_name":"Guosheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3200-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001581332","display_name":"Zhenlin An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-773X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlin An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040389890","display_name":"Qingrui Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3902-3878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingrui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008124743","display_name":"Qiongzheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-4012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiongzheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044160991","display_name":"Lei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079946793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47806004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"28184","last_page":"28199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7291645407676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.7025386095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5144155621528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4383113384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35961073637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3389623165130615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7291645407676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.7025386095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5144155621528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4383113384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35961073637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3389623165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3647244747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15215421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4914846625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15204820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7978091499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/099/21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8665815270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20230807140410022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975147464","https://openalex.org/W2029938263","https://openalex.org/W2069973845","https://openalex.org/W2093243184","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2613046893","https://openalex.org/W2869395566","https://openalex.org/W2896182741","https://openalex.org/W2920375745","https://openalex.org/W2972355358","https://openalex.org/W3000753883","https://openalex.org/W3021789920","https://openalex.org/W3033316770","https://openalex.org/W3033712017","https://openalex.org/W3043533853","https://openalex.org/W3045922093","https://openalex.org/W3046603724","https://openalex.org/W3046929989","https://openalex.org/W3088372919","https://openalex.org/W3088696499","https://openalex.org/W3100497364","https://openalex.org/W3115009611","https://openalex.org/W3137655474","https://openalex.org/W3138126362","https://openalex.org/W3145808902","https://openalex.org/W3147922043","https://openalex.org/W3156177407","https://openalex.org/W3207275356","https://openalex.org/W4205402672","https://openalex.org/W4226060600","https://openalex.org/W4252725832","https://openalex.org/W4366250347","https://openalex.org/W4380926540","https://openalex.org/W4387212557","https://openalex.org/W4392207688","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6753525857","https://openalex.org/W6760383859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2576994247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,36,41,52,157,160,197,208,217],"high-precision":[3,23],"indoor":[4],"backscatter":[5],"tag":[6,201,215],"tracking":[7,24],"in":[8,43,69,98,172],"GPS-deprived":[9],"environments":[10],"has":[11],"advanced":[12],"applications":[13],"from":[14,65,167],"virtual":[15],"reality":[16],"to":[17,28,38,93,135,169],"factory":[18],"automation.":[19],"Despite":[20],"this,":[21,131],"the":[22,34,39,66,95,113,155,180,195],"range":[25,51,62,156,184],"remains":[26],"limited":[27,60],"just":[29],"a":[30,49,73,81,204],"few":[31],"meters,":[32],"restricting":[33],"use":[35],"backscatters":[37],"vicinity":[40],"checkpoints":[42],"warehouses,":[44],"even":[45],"though":[46],"they":[47],"possess":[48],"communication":[50,183],"50":[53,218],"m.":[54],"We":[55],"have":[56],"identified":[57],"that":[58,152],"this":[59],"localization":[61,70,83,166,206],"primarily":[63],"originates":[64],"butterfly":[67],"effect":[68],"systems,":[71],"where":[72],"slight":[74],"phase":[75,90,101,109],"measurement":[76],"error":[77,196,207],"gradually":[78],"escalates":[79],"into":[80],"substantial":[82],"error.":[84],"This":[85],"article":[86],"introduces":[87],"two":[88,188],"innovative":[89],"estimation":[91,102,163],"protocols":[92],"address":[94],"intrinsic":[96],"challenges":[97],"achieving":[99],"high-accuracy":[100],"over":[103],"long-distance":[104],"communication.":[105],"first,":[107],"consistent":[108],"estimator":[110],"(CPE),":[111],"resolves":[112],"<inline-formula":[114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[116],"<tex-math":[117],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol":[118],"{\\pi":[119],"}$":[120],"</tex-math></inline-formula>-ambiguity":[121],"commonly":[122],"encountered":[123],"with":[124,187,200],"commercial":[125],"radio-frequency":[126],"identification":[127],"readers.":[128],"Building":[129],"on":[130],"CPE+":[132,153,186,198],"is":[133],"designed":[134],"cancel":[136],"flicker":[137],"noise,":[138,141],"neutral":[139],"white":[140],"and":[142,145,164],"restore":[143],"spatial":[144],"temporal":[146],"imbalances.":[147],"Our":[148],"experimental":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"extends":[154],"accurate":[158],"Angle":[159],"Arrival":[161],"(AoA)":[162],"centimeter-level":[165],"8":[168],"15":[170],"m":[171,213],"stationary":[173],"scenarios.":[174],"It":[175],"maintains":[176],"decimeter-level":[177],"accuracy":[178],"across":[179],"entire":[181],"50-m":[182],"for":[185,214],"or":[189],"more":[190],"gateways.":[191],"In":[192],"dynamic":[193],"scenarios,":[194],"increases":[199],"speed,":[202],"reaching":[203],"median":[205],"11.7":[209],"cm":[210],"at":[211],"5":[212],"speeds":[216],"cm/s.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}