{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396941301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236","title":"HALO: HVAC Load Forecasting With Industrial IoT and Local\u2013Global-Scale Transformer","display_name":"HALO: HVAC Load Forecasting With Industrial IoT and Local\u2013Global-Scale Transformer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396941301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/347996/1/content.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700049","display_name":"Cheng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-4405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104306913","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3812-3105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145386","display_name":"National Intelligence University","ror":"https://ror.org/049sfwc36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research &#x0026; Development, Jiangxing Intelligence Inc., Shenzhen, China","Jiangxing Intelligence Inc. and the Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research &#x0026; Development, Jiangxing Intelligence Inc., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxing Intelligence Inc. and the Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077317339","display_name":"Edith C.\u2010H. Ngai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith C. H. Ngai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039311485","display_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-1984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374506","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-9105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100700049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86236662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"28307","last_page":"28319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.9612565040588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7291632294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5941751003265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.4721560478210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.45723021030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44310545921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.40198925137519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2717287540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17179864645004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15591415762901306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.9612565040588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7291632294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5941751003265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.4721560478210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.45723021030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44310545921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.40198925137519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2717287540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17179864645004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15591415762901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3401236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/347996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/347996","pdf_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/347996/1/content.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-138862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-138862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/347996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/347996","pdf_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/347996/1/content.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396941301.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205388152","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W1990910451","https://openalex.org/W2044689272","https://openalex.org/W2064977675","https://openalex.org/W2077796649","https://openalex.org/W2130608062","https://openalex.org/W2512190626","https://openalex.org/W2568808500","https://openalex.org/W2595984151","https://openalex.org/W2800008631","https://openalex.org/W2804358840","https://openalex.org/W2947984398","https://openalex.org/W2987901555","https://openalex.org/W2994866250","https://openalex.org/W3008571545","https://openalex.org/W3022757405","https://openalex.org/W3024699729","https://openalex.org/W3026089914","https://openalex.org/W3036322976","https://openalex.org/W3097542115","https://openalex.org/W3171884590","https://openalex.org/W3176033047","https://openalex.org/W3200062633","https://openalex.org/W3202484768","https://openalex.org/W3208605024","https://openalex.org/W3209375340","https://openalex.org/W3209791287","https://openalex.org/W3210470805","https://openalex.org/W4220813865","https://openalex.org/W4225668955","https://openalex.org/W4239281537","https://openalex.org/W4285033563","https://openalex.org/W4285092337","https://openalex.org/W4289834691","https://openalex.org/W4298009510","https://openalex.org/W4310416691","https://openalex.org/W4320737106","https://openalex.org/W4361282535","https://openalex.org/W4380993292","https://openalex.org/W4382932866","https://openalex.org/W4383469098","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385336075","https://openalex.org/W4392005229","https://openalex.org/W6608236010","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6797155008","https://openalex.org/W6810637551","https://openalex.org/W6846825190","https://openalex.org/W6849840618","https://openalex.org/W6853616456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W4240233711","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W4320003279","https://openalex.org/W2326910963","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W3194241082","https://openalex.org/W3174885725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,9,18,33,46,111,155,160],"Internet-of-Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"is":[5,21,50,67],"fostering":[6],"the":[7,16,30,83,109,175],"use":[8],"intelligent":[10],"controls":[11],"for":[12,52,134],"energy":[13,42,55,161],"conservation.":[14],"Yet,":[15],"efficacy":[17],"these":[19,99],"strategies":[20],"largely":[22],"tied":[23],"to":[24,40,92],"diverse":[25],"load":[26,60,75,113,149,157],"forecasting":[27,45,135,150,154],"algorithms.":[28],"Given":[29],"significant":[31],"contribution":[32],"heating,":[34],"ventilation,":[35],"and":[36,82,87,145,158],"air-conditioning":[37],"(HVAC)":[38],"systems":[39],"global":[41],"consumption,":[43],"accurate":[44],"HVAC":[47,59,112,120,136,156],"power":[48,74],"usage":[49],"crucial":[51],"improving":[53],"overall":[54],"efficiency.":[56],"However,":[57],"real-world":[58,166],"forecasting,":[61],"bolstered":[62],"by":[63,69],"various":[64],"IoT":[65],"devices,":[66],"complicated":[68],"multiple":[70],"factors:":[71],"data":[72,121,142,167],"variability,":[73],"fluctuations,":[76],"electronic":[77],"phenomena":[78],"(e.g.,":[79],"zero":[80],"drifts),":[81],"increased":[84],"time":[85],"complexity":[86],"larger":[88],"model":[89],"sizes":[90],"required":[91],"manage":[93],"accumulating":[94],"historical":[95],"data.":[96],"To":[97],"address":[98],"challenges,":[100],"we":[101],"first":[102],"present":[103],"an":[104,140],"in-depth":[105],"measurement":[106],"study":[107],"on":[108,119,165],"characteristics":[110],"at":[114],"a":[115,129,146,170],"minute":[116],"scale":[117],"based":[118,164],"collected":[122],"in":[123],"six":[124],"locations.":[125],"We":[126],"propose":[127],"HALO,":[128],"transformer-based":[130,148],"framework":[131,177],"specifically":[132],"designed":[133],"load.":[137],"HALO":[138],"incorporates":[139],"adaptive":[141],"pre-processing":[143],"stage":[144],"local-global-scale":[147],"stage,":[151],"enabling":[152],"precise":[153],"optimization":[159],"utilization.":[162],"Evaluation":[163],"traces":[168],"from":[169],"prototype":[171],"application":[172],"demonstrates":[173],"that":[174],"proposed":[176],"significantly":[178],"outperforms":[179],"existing":[180],"models.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
