{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396783525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782","title":"A Privacy-Preserving AIoT Framework for Fall Detection and Classification Using Hierarchical Learning With Multilevel Feature Fusion","display_name":"A Privacy-Preserving AIoT Framework for Fall Detection and Classification Using Hierarchical Learning With Multilevel Feature Fusion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396783525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027793857","display_name":"Sara Mobsite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-5018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Mobsite","raw_affiliation_strings":["TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-5018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110936671","display_name":"Nabih Alaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0752-6213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabih Alaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0752-6213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089539531","display_name":"Mohammed Boulmalf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9760-0215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Boulmalf","raw_affiliation_strings":["TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9760-0215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057324156","display_name":"Mounir Ghogho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["GB","MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Ghogho","raw_affiliation_strings":["TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-7867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TICLaboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7498,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85413622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"15","first_page":"26531","last_page":"26547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8031269311904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5911791324615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5591602921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4998750686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.47473081946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4569237232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.43446996808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3648531436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3618010878562927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8031269311904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5911791324615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5591602921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4998750686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.47473081946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4569237232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.43446996808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3648531436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3618010878562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3398782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1900956557","https://openalex.org/W1996183865","https://openalex.org/W2017370417","https://openalex.org/W2048681918","https://openalex.org/W2066986622","https://openalex.org/W2170621711","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2408709469","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2543632018","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2792643794","https://openalex.org/W2886275567","https://openalex.org/W2914095191","https://openalex.org/W2928726723","https://openalex.org/W2931712955","https://openalex.org/W2941398656","https://openalex.org/W2944288971","https://openalex.org/W2945362095","https://openalex.org/W2971172172","https://openalex.org/W2984598623","https://openalex.org/W2995795247","https://openalex.org/W2999741152","https://openalex.org/W3004228930","https://openalex.org/W3004932946","https://openalex.org/W3046664783","https://openalex.org/W3101028550","https://openalex.org/W3108807663","https://openalex.org/W3130243164","https://openalex.org/W3138661263","https://openalex.org/W3154985639","https://openalex.org/W3164594127","https://openalex.org/W3182792505","https://openalex.org/W3185327951","https://openalex.org/W4200025266","https://openalex.org/W4206425173","https://openalex.org/W4206548717","https://openalex.org/W4207043758","https://openalex.org/W4212943157","https://openalex.org/W4220904027","https://openalex.org/W4253100951","https://openalex.org/W4285284185","https://openalex.org/W4292962287","https://openalex.org/W4300672471","https://openalex.org/W4310350092","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4313372814","https://openalex.org/W4315777032","https://openalex.org/W4317624908","https://openalex.org/W4318200309","https://openalex.org/W4366822115","https://openalex.org/W4376127647","https://openalex.org/W4381850046","https://openalex.org/W4385187310","https://openalex.org/W4385621204","https://openalex.org/W4385647708","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386174379","https://openalex.org/W4390423699","https://openalex.org/W4390608898","https://openalex.org/W4390885780","https://openalex.org/W4391123290","https://openalex.org/W4399528803","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6749029207","https://openalex.org/W6803376173","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2530546662","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2353265673","https://openalex.org/W2031175860","https://openalex.org/W2152662039","https://openalex.org/W2145797872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0],"and":[1,32,64,105,112,128,150,184],"false":[2,40],"fall":[3,30,41,141,157,185,196,203],"detection":[4,31,142,197,204],"pose":[5],"a":[6,21,53,189],"significant":[7],"challenge":[8],"within":[9],"the":[10,25,61,68,79,90,100,145,152,168,209],"current":[11],"camera-based":[12],"human":[13,62],"activity":[14,33,165],"monitoring":[15],"research.":[16],"In":[17],"response,":[18],"we":[19,137],"propose":[20],"solution":[22,44],"that":[23],"leverages":[24],"inherent":[26],"relationship":[27,102],"between":[28,103,181],"binary":[29,104,195],"classification":[34,69,107,166],"through":[35],"hierarchical":[36,74,101],"learning":[37,75],"for":[38,49,124,156,194],"low":[39],"classification.":[42],"Our":[43,159],"involves":[45],"employing":[46],"edge":[47],"computing":[48],"data":[50,94],"preprocessing,":[51],"with":[52,130,213],"specific":[54],"focus":[55],"on":[56,72,167,198,208],"extracting":[57],"key":[58],"points":[59],"of":[60,174,192,216],"body":[63],"motion":[65],"features.":[66],"Subsequently,":[67],"process":[70,155],"based":[71],"multi-stream":[73],"takes":[76],"place":[77],"at":[78],"cloud":[80,91],"level.":[81],"This":[82],"approach":[83],"prevents":[84],"sending":[85],"raw":[86],"RGB":[87],"videos":[88],"to":[89,92,144,148,188],"improve":[93],"privacy.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"our":[97,118,202],"network":[98,160,205],"incorporates":[99],"multi-class":[106],"using":[108],"stream-to-stream":[109],"skip":[110,134],"connections":[111],"multi-level":[113,125],"feature":[114,126,153],"fusion.":[115],"We":[116],"created":[117],"Multiscale":[119],"Convolutional":[120],"Fusion":[121],"Block":[122],"(MSCFB)":[123],"extraction":[127,154],"fusion":[129],"an":[131,139,172,214],"inner":[132],"block":[133],"connection.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"added":[138],"auxiliary":[140],"loss":[143],"first":[146],"stream":[147],"regulate":[149],"control":[151],"detection.":[158],"attained":[161],"state-of-the-art":[162,207],"performance":[163],"in":[164],"UP-Fall":[169],"dataset,":[170],"securing":[171],"F1-Score":[173,191,215],"97.27%.":[175],"Notably,":[176],"there":[177],"were":[178],"no":[179],"misclassifications":[180],"regular":[182],"activities":[183],"sub-classes,":[186],"leading":[187],"perfect":[190],"100%":[193],"this":[199],"dataset.":[200],"Furthermore,":[201],"achieved":[206],"PRECIS":[210],"HAR":[211],"dataset":[212],"98.34%.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}