{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392796579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430","title":"Learning-Based Energy Minimization Optimization for IRS-Assisted Master-Auxiliary-UAV-Enabled Wireless-Powered IoT Networks","display_name":"Learning-Based Energy Minimization Optimization for IRS-Assisted Master-Auxiliary-UAV-Enabled Wireless-Powered IoT Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392796579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084394769","display_name":"Jingren Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-0351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingren Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-0351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072625229","display_name":"Xin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-0849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-0849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114973567","display_name":"Peng Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-1074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832415","display_name":"Ying\u2010Chang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Chang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86795927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"21930","last_page":"21945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.8039563894271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8024395704269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.694632887840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6211085319519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5396196842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5371058583259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5274194478988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.45477980375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.4320414066314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.42473211884498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35197556018829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3383593261241913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24286264181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22464510798454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2192656397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0985758900642395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.8039563894271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8024395704269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.694632887840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6211085319519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5396196842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5371058583259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5274194478988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45477980375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4320414066314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.42473211884498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35197556018829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3383593261241913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24286264181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22464510798454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2192656397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0985758900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3377430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4517290006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335785","funder_display_name":"Project 211"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7763006810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2019Z022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335785","display_name":"Project 211","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2021259805","https://openalex.org/W2094000142","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2908261578","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2980412543","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3022404363","https://openalex.org/W3034297393","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3040368914","https://openalex.org/W3093728622","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3131382839","https://openalex.org/W3134205660","https://openalex.org/W3137048766","https://openalex.org/W3168517868","https://openalex.org/W3176727369","https://openalex.org/W3189642105","https://openalex.org/W3193975672","https://openalex.org/W3201607315","https://openalex.org/W3210522537","https://openalex.org/W4220687089","https://openalex.org/W4220777603","https://openalex.org/W4225884636","https://openalex.org/W4226154943","https://openalex.org/W4226368532","https://openalex.org/W4295934532","https://openalex.org/W4312992204","https://openalex.org/W4319303243","https://openalex.org/W4319323889","https://openalex.org/W4387247654","https://openalex.org/W4388481798","https://openalex.org/W4392158267","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6775788706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W2072565696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"master-auxiliary":[3],"unmanned":[4],"aerial":[5],"vehicles":[6],"(UAVs)-enabled":[7],"wireless-powered":[8],"Internet-of-Things":[9],"(WPIoT)":[10],"networks,":[11],"which":[12,78],"overcome":[13],"the":[14,60,127,164,167,171,195],"inflexibility":[15],"and":[16,34,46,67,106,145,157,169],"site":[17],"selection":[18],"issues":[19],"caused":[20],"by":[21,96,189],"traditional":[22],"fixed-point":[23],"intelligent":[24],"reflecting":[25],"surface":[26],"(IRS).":[27],"Specifically,":[28],"multiple":[29],"rechargeable":[30],"Master":[31],"UAVs":[32,37],"(MUAVs)":[33],"IRS-integrated":[35],"Auxiliary":[36],"(AUAVs)":[38],"are":[39,117,160],"applied":[40],"in":[41,53,220],"pairs":[42],"to":[43,101,120,139,162,194],"cooperatively":[44],"charge":[45],"collect":[47],"data":[48,69,142,204,216],"from":[49],"IoT":[50],"devices":[51],"clustered":[52],"different":[54],"subareas":[55],"under":[56],"cloud":[57],"scheduling.":[58],"Given":[59,126],"constraints":[61],"of":[62,90,166,173],"limited":[63],"onboard":[64,224],"battery":[65,225],"capacity":[66,226],"complete":[68],"collection,":[70],"we":[71],"formulate":[72],"a":[73,88],"system":[74],"energy":[75,211],"minimization":[76],"problem,":[77],"is":[79,137],"then":[80],"divided":[81],"into":[82],"three":[83],"sub-problems.":[84],"We":[85],"first":[86],"utilize":[87],"pair":[89],"U-nets":[91],"with":[92,114,184,222],"quantization":[93],"layers":[94],"trained":[95],"deep":[97,133],"unsupervised":[98],"learning":[99,135,165],"(DUL)":[100],"output":[102],"discrete":[103],"downlink":[104],"(DL)":[105],"uplink":[107],"(UL)":[108],"IRS":[109,129],"phases":[110],"separately.":[111],"Gradient":[112],"functions":[113],"specific":[115],"features":[116],"also":[118],"proposed":[119,161,180,201],"solve":[121],"non-differentiable":[122],"issue":[123],"during":[124],"training.":[125],"optimized":[128],"phase":[130],"policies,":[131],"off-policy":[132],"reinforcement":[134],"(DRL)":[136],"exploited":[138],"optimize":[140],"intra-subarea":[141],"collection":[143,205,217],"policy":[144],"inter-subarea":[146],"multi-UAV":[147],"scheduling":[148],"scheme.":[149],"Two":[150],"assistive":[151],"techniques,":[152],"positive":[153],"transition":[154],"initialization":[155],"(PTI)":[156],"action":[158],"mask,":[159],"guide":[163],"agent":[168],"alleviate":[170],"burden":[172],"optimization.":[174],"Numerical":[175],"results":[176],"indicate":[177],"that":[178],"our":[179,200],"approach":[181],"combining":[182],"DUL":[183],"DRL":[185,197],"can":[186,208],"improve":[187],"performance":[188,212],"more":[190],"than":[191,213],"90%":[192],"compared":[193],"pure":[196],"method.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199],"Master-Auxiliary-UAV":[202],"collaborative":[203],"scheme":[206,218],"(MACS)":[207],"achieve":[209],"better":[210],"homogeneous":[214],"MUAV":[215],"(HMCS)":[219],"cases":[221],"low":[223],"while":[227],"halving":[228],"task":[229],"completion":[230],"time.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
