{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391992749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415","title":"Adaptive Feature Fusion and Improved Attention Mechanism-Based Small Object Detection for UAV Target Tracking","display_name":"Adaptive Feature Fusion and Improved Attention Mechanism-Based Small Object Detection for UAV Target Tracking","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391992749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037315459","display_name":"Xuanrui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuanrui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-2725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mengting He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9342-8263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengting He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9342-8263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379443","display_name":"Tianyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-017X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009342531","display_name":"Guifeng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guifeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101202560","display_name":"Wen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059713619","display_name":"Xiaolin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104386586","display_name":"Yuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116886","display_name":"Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0279ehd23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116886"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Internet of Things, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-1128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Internet of Things, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116886"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037315459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":72.4035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99924544,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"21239","last_page":"21249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9277999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120377063751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7190860509872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7038555145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6555531024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5433529019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5344663262367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5112717151641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5088517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5062152743339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48907071352005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-mechanism","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","score":0.4868296980857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.48161834478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45161983370780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.42551755905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4058016836643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1023077666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.08800426125526428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120377063751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7190860509872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7038555145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6555531024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5433529019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5344663262367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5112717151641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5088517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5062152743339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48907071352005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173414695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510276","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","level":4,"score":0.4868296980857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.48161834478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45161983370780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.42551755905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4058016836643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1023077666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.08800426125526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556360","display_name":"Lipid bilayer fusion","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3367415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1597335599","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2582242043","https://openalex.org/W2943554448","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2999222035","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3013419896","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3102922379","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3108732608","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3157144426","https://openalex.org/W3161825146","https://openalex.org/W3169639044","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3185644719","https://openalex.org/W3205741456","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W3214373180","https://openalex.org/W4200482183","https://openalex.org/W4205892543","https://openalex.org/W4214604401","https://openalex.org/W4280563474","https://openalex.org/W4282969150","https://openalex.org/W4289655562","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4291819654","https://openalex.org/W4292387816","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4320008371","https://openalex.org/W4323055161","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386923795","https://openalex.org/W4388240444","https://openalex.org/W6795755827","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6843239693","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177669699","https://openalex.org/W2065001766","https://openalex.org/W2385001686","https://openalex.org/W2614903376","https://openalex.org/W2403013424","https://openalex.org/W4387253492","https://openalex.org/W2965594636","https://openalex.org/W2912550626","https://openalex.org/W1938087941","https://openalex.org/W1582120664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,13,30,65,75,80,113,132,144,168,172,184,192],"development":[2],"of":[3,34,82,86,134,181,202],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"technology,":[6],"UAVs":[7],"have":[8],"ability":[10],"to":[11,73,105,130],"perceive":[12],"environment.":[14],"UAV":[15],"combined":[16],"with":[17,56,195],"target":[18,41,52,108,122,136],"detection":[19,53,145],"technology":[20],"for":[21,40,161],"road":[22,36],"environment":[23],"perception":[24],"has":[25],"received":[26],"extensive":[27],"attention.":[28],"However,":[29],"complexity":[31],"and":[32,60,116,187],"variability":[33],"real-world":[35],"environments":[37],"pose":[38],"challenges":[39],"detection.":[42],"To":[43,142],"address":[44],"these":[45],"challenges,":[46],"we":[47,154],"propose":[48],"a":[49],"uav":[50],"small":[51,87,107,135,152],"algorithm":[54],"AS-YOLOV5":[55,69,175],"adaptive":[57],"feature":[58,66,76,95,103,158,162],"fusion":[59,96,114],"improved":[61],"attention":[62,126],"mechanism.":[63],"In":[64],"extraction":[67,77,159],"phase,":[68],"employs":[70],"soft":[71],"pooling":[72],"bolster":[74],"network,":[78],"mitigating":[79],"loss":[81],"critical":[83],"edge":[84],"information":[85,109,150],"targets":[88],"inherent":[89],"in":[90],"standard":[91],"down-sampling":[92],"techniques.":[93],"Our":[94],"method":[97,170],"incorporates":[98],"learnable":[99],"parameters,":[100],"effectively":[101],"rebalancing":[102],"layers":[104],"ensure":[106,143],"remains":[110],"significant":[111],"during":[112],"process":[115],"is":[117,128],"not":[118],"obscured":[119],"by":[120],"large":[121],"features.":[123],"The":[124],"subspace":[125],"module":[127],"optimized":[129],"enhance":[131],"representation":[133],"features":[137],"while":[138],"suppressing":[139],"background":[140],"interference.":[141],"branch":[146],"captures":[147],"essential":[148],"shallow":[149],"about":[151],"objects,":[153],"introduce":[155],"an":[156,177,188,196],"additional":[157],"layer":[160],"fusion.":[163],"Simulation":[164],"results":[165],"show":[166],"that":[167],"proposed":[169],"outperforms":[171],"existing":[173],"algorithms.":[174],"achieved":[176],"mAP(mean":[178],"Average":[179],"Precision)":[180],"56.36%":[182],"on":[183,191],"BDD100K":[185],"dataset":[186,194],"impressive":[189],"93.33%":[190],"KITTI":[193],"IOU":[197],"(Intersection":[198],"over":[199],"Union)":[200],"threshold":[201],"0.5.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}