{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390241522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279","title":"Reinforcement-Learning-Based Policy Design for Outage Minimization in DF Relaying Networks","display_name":"Reinforcement-Learning-Based Policy Design for Outage Minimization in DF Relaying Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390241522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037894061","display_name":"Yuanzhe Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-2314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhe Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034541026","display_name":"Erwu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erwu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431222","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering and the Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering and the Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078745962","display_name":"Pengcheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-5071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001509753","display_name":"Binyu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binyu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440109","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037894061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61962675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"15359","last_page":"15374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8560484647750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7909435033798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7657483816146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6890888810157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5166759490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.44640302658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4401256740093231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41709595918655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25923478603363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25852006673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2105312943458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20332488417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16537564992904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07990109920501709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8560484647750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7909435033798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7657483816146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6890888810157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5166759490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.44640302658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4401256740093231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41709595918655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25923478603363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25852006673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2105312943458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20332488417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16537564992904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07990109920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3347279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1500301389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2884988689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5050270607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22120230441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045378942","https://openalex.org/W2108427351","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2315140361","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2782363571","https://openalex.org/W2890860720","https://openalex.org/W2901561492","https://openalex.org/W2929863751","https://openalex.org/W2954168748","https://openalex.org/W2979897999","https://openalex.org/W2983244131","https://openalex.org/W2996630103","https://openalex.org/W3011978531","https://openalex.org/W3020522931","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3041207562","https://openalex.org/W3041261812","https://openalex.org/W3054258700","https://openalex.org/W3082367829","https://openalex.org/W3108669277","https://openalex.org/W3126934977","https://openalex.org/W3144465352","https://openalex.org/W3158062434","https://openalex.org/W3165402639","https://openalex.org/W3169426261","https://openalex.org/W3170970335","https://openalex.org/W3189931457","https://openalex.org/W3192503126","https://openalex.org/W3193361248","https://openalex.org/W3198767450","https://openalex.org/W3205656755","https://openalex.org/W3208830075","https://openalex.org/W3210090000","https://openalex.org/W3215200685","https://openalex.org/W4205208860","https://openalex.org/W4214619944","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4285265295","https://openalex.org/W4285603252","https://openalex.org/W4290996632","https://openalex.org/W4294690768","https://openalex.org/W4306177393","https://openalex.org/W4315487473","https://openalex.org/W4321021068","https://openalex.org/W4322576422","https://openalex.org/W4366251006","https://openalex.org/W4382935469","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6764339904","https://openalex.org/W6790514708","https://openalex.org/W6845898014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W2561242965","https://openalex.org/W2463175948","https://openalex.org/W2006290459","https://openalex.org/W2465954300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relay-enabled":[0],"cooperative":[1],"communication":[2,29,101,149,192],"has":[3,224],"been":[4],"a":[5,41,200],"hot":[6],"topic":[7],"in":[8,20,27,40,100],"the":[9,12,36,52,57,66,98,145,148,170,178,182,231],"area":[10],"of":[11,14,59,68,130,135,172,181],"Internet":[13],"Things":[15],"(IoT),":[16],"for":[17,121,203],"its":[18,152],"help":[19],"providing":[21],"important":[22],"solutions":[23],"to":[24,83,116,142,191,215],"resource":[25],"limitations":[26],"IoT":[28],"scenarios.":[30],"In":[31,164],"this":[32,165],"article,":[33],"we":[34,114,167,198],"study":[35],"outage":[37,53,204],"minimization":[38,206],"problem":[39],"power-limited":[42],"decode-and-forward":[43],"(DF)":[44],"relaying":[45],"network":[46],"with":[47,147,194],"environmental":[48,77,136],"uncertainty.":[49,78,137,196],"To":[50],"reduce":[51],"probability":[54,205],"and":[55,76,97,155,160,228],"improve":[56,230],"quality":[58],"service,":[60],"existing":[61],"researches":[62],"usually":[63],"rely":[64],"on":[65,208],"assumption":[67],"both":[69],"exact":[70],"instantaneous":[71,86],"channel":[72,93],"state":[73],"information":[74],"(CSI)":[75],"However,":[79],"it":[80],"is":[81,141],"difficult":[82],"obtain":[84],"perfect":[85],"CSI":[87],"immediately":[88],"under":[89],"practical":[90],"situations":[91],"where":[92],"states":[94],"change":[95],"rapidly,":[96],"uncertainty":[99],"environments":[102],"may":[103],"not":[104,111,125],"be":[105],"observed,":[106],"which":[107,123],"makes":[108],"traditional":[109,216],"methods":[110,120,188,218],"applicable.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"turn":[115],"reinforcement":[117],"learning":[118],"(RL)":[119],"solutions,":[122],"do":[124],"need":[126],"any":[127],"prior":[128],"knowledge":[129],"underlying":[131],"channels":[132],"or":[133],"assumptions":[134],"The":[138],"RL":[139,173,187,217],"method":[140],"learn":[143],"from":[144],"interaction":[146],"environment,":[150],"optimize":[151],"action":[153,174],"policy,":[154],"then":[156],"propose":[157,199],"relay":[158],"selection":[159],"power":[161],"allocation":[162],"schemes.":[163],"work,":[166],"first":[168],"analyze":[169],"robustness":[171],"policy":[175],"by":[176,235],"giving":[177],"lower":[179],"bound":[180],"worst":[183,232],"case":[184,233],"performance,":[185],"when":[186],"are":[189],"applied":[190],"scenarios":[193],"environment":[195],"Then,":[197],"robust":[201,220],"algorithm":[202],"based":[207],"RL.":[209],"Simulation":[210],"results":[211],"reveal":[212],"that":[213],"compared":[214],"without":[219],"design,":[221],"our":[222],"approach":[223],"good":[225],"generalization":[226],"ability":[227],"can":[229],"performance":[234],"about":[236],"4%.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
