{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389747934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979","title":"Improving FTM Ranging Accuracy Based on DNN for UAV Localization","display_name":"Improving FTM Ranging Accuracy Based on DNN for UAV Localization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389747934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030481578","display_name":"Bingxian Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-6539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103090421","display_name":"Mengya Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4312-3425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengya Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4312-3425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108049214","display_name":"Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0400-4323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communications Institute, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0400-4323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communications Institute, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354608","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-7689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, China Mobile Communications Group Shandong Company Ltd., Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, China Mobile Communications Group Shandong Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63478768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"21287","last_page":"21298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9293454885482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947162389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7152752876281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.6988525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.49099376797676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48586127161979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4436350464820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.44220927357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2436131238937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17854008078575134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9293454885482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947162389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7152752876281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.6988525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.49099376797676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48586127161979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4436350464820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.44220927357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2436131238937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17854008078575134}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3342979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2907345357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544232871","https://openalex.org/W1927744280","https://openalex.org/W1987869000","https://openalex.org/W1993774615","https://openalex.org/W2013503669","https://openalex.org/W2018416248","https://openalex.org/W2024796780","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2147628505","https://openalex.org/W2741403911","https://openalex.org/W2761238645","https://openalex.org/W2765756443","https://openalex.org/W2783541758","https://openalex.org/W2805592233","https://openalex.org/W2834910512","https://openalex.org/W2891114892","https://openalex.org/W2896237406","https://openalex.org/W2920323739","https://openalex.org/W2962829164","https://openalex.org/W2982726437","https://openalex.org/W2991905402","https://openalex.org/W3033191961","https://openalex.org/W3033251915","https://openalex.org/W3046127806","https://openalex.org/W3047598902","https://openalex.org/W3100000822","https://openalex.org/W3131246641","https://openalex.org/W3169421330","https://openalex.org/W3203682130","https://openalex.org/W3216768220","https://openalex.org/W4200075732","https://openalex.org/W4235628085","https://openalex.org/W4280547572","https://openalex.org/W4283398361","https://openalex.org/W4284713852","https://openalex.org/W4306179687","https://openalex.org/W4312841382","https://openalex.org/W4385325586","https://openalex.org/W6614285278","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6779809452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904654071","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W3149021053","https://openalex.org/W2124974059","https://openalex.org/W4306950403","https://openalex.org/W22721396","https://openalex.org/W2253573804","https://openalex.org/W4300167711","https://openalex.org/W2806700348","https://openalex.org/W2258106632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"for":[1,32],"indoor":[2,33,71,234],"personal":[3],"drones,":[4],"there":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"a":[8,28,174,212],"number":[9],"of":[10,74,109,132,170,173,190,233],"challenges":[11],"in":[12],"localizing":[13],"users,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"how":[17],"to":[18,98,114,184,215,236],"accurately":[19],"identify":[20],"their":[21],"location":[22],"and":[23,45,61,84,129,195,203,220],"identification.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"proposes":[27],"distance":[29,57,101],"measurement":[30,41],"method":[31],"Unmanned":[34],"Aerial":[35],"Vehicle":[36],"(UAV)":[37],"localization":[38],"combining":[39],"fine-time":[40],"(FTM)":[42],"ranging":[43,72,93,127],"equipment":[44],"the":[46,56,59,65,70,75,82,91,100,103,107,110,115,122,125,130,133,152,168,181,186,197,217,222,231],"Deep":[47],"Neural":[48],"Network":[49],"(DNN)":[50],"model.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"we":[53,88,119,137,210],"can":[54,158,179],"calculate":[55],"between":[58,102,124,200],"UAV":[60],"user":[62,223],"by":[63,81,150],"measuring":[64],"signal":[66,207],"round-trip":[67],"time.":[68],"However,":[69],"accuracy":[73],"FTM":[76,92,126,140,218],"protocol":[77],"is":[78,96],"inevitably":[79],"affected":[80],"multipath":[83,95,134],"non-line-of-sight":[85],"(NLOS).":[86],"Besides,":[87],"prove":[89],"that":[90],"under":[94],"related":[97],"either":[99],"transceiver":[104],"pair":[105],"or":[106],"length":[108,169],"reflected":[111],"path":[112],"relative":[113],"direct":[116],"one.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"also":[120,166],"study":[121],"relationship":[123],"error":[128,141,205,219],"response":[131],"channel.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"design":[138],"an":[139],"calibration":[142],"model":[143,183,214],"based":[144],"on":[145],"physical":[146],"layer":[147],"(PHY)":[148],"information":[149,189,193],"using":[151],"DNN":[153,182],"model,":[154],"termed":[155],"DeepF,":[156],"which":[157],"not":[159],"only":[160],"automatically":[161],"distinguish":[162],"environmental":[163],"characteristics":[164],"but":[165],"estimate":[167],"propagation":[171],"paths":[172],"signal.":[175],"The":[176],"designed":[177],"DeepF":[178,228],"adopt":[180],"extract":[185],"time":[187],"domain":[188],"channel":[191],"state":[192],"(CSI)":[194],"learn":[196],"nonlinear":[198],"mapping":[199],"delay,":[201],"power,":[202],"mean":[204],"from":[206],"features.":[208],"Finally,":[209],"use":[211],"trained":[213],"calibrate":[216],"predict":[221],"location.":[224],"Experimental":[225],"results":[226],"show":[227],"significantly":[229],"improves":[230],"ability":[232],"UAVs":[235],"localize":[237],"users.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}