{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389326543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562","title":"DQN-Based Directional MAC Protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Network in Internet of Things","display_name":"DQN-Based Directional MAC Protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Network in Internet of Things","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389326543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048612511","display_name":"Namkyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101155339","display_name":"Korea Telecom (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/043n4tt17","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namkyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KT Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-0939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005115693","display_name":"Woongsoo Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-8001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woongsoo Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-8001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045865971","display_name":"Demeke Shumeye Lakew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-8756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demeke Shumeye Lakew","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-8756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018823341","display_name":"Nhu\u2013Ngoc Dao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhu-Ngoc Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041978875","display_name":"Sungrae Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-688X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungrae Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-688X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92585867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"12918","last_page":"12928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8557615280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8173747062683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.7573267221450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.6035133600234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-wireless-distribution-service","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","score":0.5919287204742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.5389993190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.48984357714653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-layer","display_name":"Internet layer","score":0.4558079242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45490583777427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4499269425868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43223682045936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4212183952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.2929331660270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19116586446762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13504338264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.11621487140655518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8557615280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8173747062683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.7573267221450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.6035133600234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190526755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4678071","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","level":5,"score":0.5919287204742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5389993190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.48984357714653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146739243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910948","display_name":"Internet layer","level":4,"score":0.4558079242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45490583777427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4499269425868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43223682045936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4212183952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.2929331660270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19116586446762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13504338264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.11621487140655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3338562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4790765024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A6A1A03032988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321251","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771697193","https://openalex.org/W1980514694","https://openalex.org/W2051376838","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2766042923","https://openalex.org/W2786881651","https://openalex.org/W2789268877","https://openalex.org/W2922273628","https://openalex.org/W2963504849","https://openalex.org/W2963543042","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2985064065","https://openalex.org/W2990385259","https://openalex.org/W3009604459","https://openalex.org/W3017275226","https://openalex.org/W3022975387","https://openalex.org/W3023867911","https://openalex.org/W3092138905","https://openalex.org/W3098632498","https://openalex.org/W3145313917","https://openalex.org/W3191966639","https://openalex.org/W3195887132","https://openalex.org/W4207063500","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4253178971","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6685444567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123795845","https://openalex.org/W1123412569","https://openalex.org/W3013627169","https://openalex.org/W26370491","https://openalex.org/W2385083787","https://openalex.org/W2102995717","https://openalex.org/W2153238122","https://openalex.org/W3026259535","https://openalex.org/W2749079590","https://openalex.org/W2293776035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,137,153],"use":[1],"of":[2,72,174],"directional":[3,24,46],"antennas":[4,25],"in":[5,40,172],"high-frequency":[6],"bands":[7],"(e.g.,":[8,86],"millimeter-wave)":[9],"is":[10,81],"essential":[11],"to":[12,33,105],"support":[13],"applications":[14],"requiring":[15],"high":[16],"throughput":[17],"and":[18,36,97,116,130,147,170],"low":[19],"latency.":[20],"However,":[21],"communications":[22],"using":[23,142],"require":[26],"intricate":[27],"scheduling":[28],"by":[29,167],"a":[30,45,54,111,118],"central":[31,83,135],"coordinator":[32],"avoid":[34,94],"collision":[35,96],"deafness":[37,98],"problems.":[38],"Thus,":[39],"this":[41],"study,":[42],"we":[43,109],"propose":[44,117],"medium":[47],"access":[48,145],"control":[49],"(DMAC)":[50],"protocol":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"deep":[55],"<inline-formula":[56],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[57],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[58],"<tex-math":[59],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Q$":[60],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[61],"-network":[62],"(DQN)":[63],"framework":[64],"wireless":[65],"ad":[66],"hoc":[67],"networks":[68],"(WANETs)":[69],"for":[70],"Internet":[71],"Things":[73],"(IoT).":[74],"In":[75,103],"our":[76],"model,":[77],"even":[78],"though":[79],"there":[80],"no":[82],"coordinating":[84],"unit":[85],"edge/cloud":[87],"server),":[88],"each":[89,123],"IoT":[90,124],"device":[91,125],"can":[92],"intelligently":[93,126],"the":[95,107,128,158,164,175],"through":[99],"its":[100],"learning":[101,113],"agent.":[102],"addition,":[104],"maximize":[106],"throughput,":[108],"design":[110],"reinforcement":[112],"(RL)":[114],"architecture":[115],"DQN-based":[119],"DMAC":[120,150],"such":[121],"that":[122,157],"selects":[127],"time-slot":[129],"transmitting":[131],"beam":[132],"without":[133],"any":[134],"coordinator.":[136],"proposed":[138,159],"schemes":[139,166],"are":[140],"evaluated":[141],"carrier-sense":[143],"multiple":[144],"(CSMA)":[146],"adaptive":[148],"learning-based":[149],"(AL-DMAC)":[151],"protocols.":[152],"evaluation":[154],"results":[155],"reveal":[156],"double":[160],"DQN":[161],"scheme":[162],"outperforms":[163],"existing":[165],"approximately":[168],"54.1%":[169],"57.2%":[171],"terms":[173],"throughput.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}