{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388755980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","title":"Improving Uplink Scalability of LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT Networks","display_name":"Improving Uplink Scalability of LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388755980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10320376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10320376.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035069650","display_name":"Sergio Herrer\u0131\u0301a-Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-5821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Herrer\u00eda-Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-5821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074581332","display_name":"Miguel Rodr\u00edguez\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-1076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-1076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030438277","display_name":"Ra\u00fal F. Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rubio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-150X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal F. Rodr\u00edguez-Rubio","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-150X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015561437","display_name":"F. P\u00e9rez\u2010Font\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando P\u00e9rez-Font\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-7562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"atlanTTic Research Center, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6785,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91149765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"12526","last_page":"12535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8523108959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7004245519638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6942941546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.6468073129653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6210153698921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5715552568435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.5296798944473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4579095244407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4567166566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4142313301563263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3478282392024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.27688488364219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26955896615982056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8523108959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7004245519638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6942941546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.6468073129653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6210153698921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5715552568435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.5296798944473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4579095244407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4567166566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4142313301563263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3478282392024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.27688488364219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26955896615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10320376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es:11093/6685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11093/6685","pdf_url":"https://www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es/xmlui/bitstream/11093/6685/4/2024_rodriguez_uplink_lora.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196408","display_name":"Investigo Institutional repository of UVigo (Universidade de Vigo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Vigo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10320376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8449296284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-113240RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","display_name":"Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xnw06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388755980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388755980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988480969","https://openalex.org/W1996495236","https://openalex.org/W2127820195","https://openalex.org/W2248880694","https://openalex.org/W2596324967","https://openalex.org/W2602242804","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2885351006","https://openalex.org/W2908628946","https://openalex.org/W2911373350","https://openalex.org/W2913486947","https://openalex.org/W2915240933","https://openalex.org/W2940779093","https://openalex.org/W2962961372","https://openalex.org/W2966775234","https://openalex.org/W2975742090","https://openalex.org/W2982353875","https://openalex.org/W2992679867","https://openalex.org/W3006863034","https://openalex.org/W3024927049","https://openalex.org/W3040217040","https://openalex.org/W3104854202","https://openalex.org/W3114088270","https://openalex.org/W3133776659","https://openalex.org/W3158782469","https://openalex.org/W3169385106","https://openalex.org/W3175951800","https://openalex.org/W3201561247","https://openalex.org/W3209792159","https://openalex.org/W4200261103","https://openalex.org/W4205980080","https://openalex.org/W4210329733","https://openalex.org/W4210683487","https://openalex.org/W4223505090","https://openalex.org/W4239343612","https://openalex.org/W4283022838","https://openalex.org/W4285048568","https://openalex.org/W4285206725","https://openalex.org/W4285258860","https://openalex.org/W4285290739","https://openalex.org/W4290785930","https://openalex.org/W4295308199","https://openalex.org/W4312337583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093680223","https://openalex.org/W2951928897","https://openalex.org/W2555490802","https://openalex.org/W2020802031","https://openalex.org/W2093360341","https://openalex.org/W2737628984","https://openalex.org/W3023940508","https://openalex.org/W2016000499","https://openalex.org/W4293094831","https://openalex.org/W2902299988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,113],"the":[1,15,100,105,110,148,167,174,183],"next":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"Low":[5],"Earth":[6],"Orbit":[7],"(LEO)":[8],"constellations":[9],"will":[10],"become":[11],"key":[12],"enablers":[13],"for":[14,44,122,176],"deployment":[16],"of":[17,20,65,92,109,125],"global":[18],"Internet":[19],"Things":[21],"(IoT)":[22],"services.":[23],"Due":[24],"to":[25,28,70,137,146,164,182],"their":[26,140],"proximity":[27],"Earth,":[29],"LEO":[30],"satellites":[31],"can":[32],"directly":[33],"communicate":[34],"with":[35],"ground":[36],"nodes":[37],"and,":[38],"thus,":[39],"serve":[40],"as":[41],"mobile":[42],"gateways":[43],"IoT":[45,57],"devices":[46,94,136],"deployed":[47],"in":[48,84,144,170],"remote":[49],"areas":[50],"lacking":[51],"terrestrial":[52],"infrastructure.":[53],"Within":[54],"this":[55,114,123],"Direct-to-Satellite":[56],"(DtS-IoT)":[58],"context,":[59],"LoRa":[60,93,135,179],"(Long":[61],"Range)":[62],"technology,":[63],"capable":[64],"providing":[66],"long":[67],"range":[68],"connectivity":[69],"power-constrained":[71],"devices,":[72,180],"has":[73],"received":[74],"great":[75],"attention.":[76],"However,":[77],"serious":[78],"scalability":[79],"issues":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"observed":[83],"LoRa-based":[85],"DtS-IoT":[86],"networks":[87,126],"when":[88],"a":[89,129],"high":[90],"number":[91],"perform":[95],"uplink":[96,141],"transmissions":[97],"driven":[98],"by":[99],"straightforward":[101],"Aloha":[102],"protocol":[103],"during":[104],"short":[106],"visibility":[107],"periods":[108],"passing-by":[111],"satellites.":[112],"paper,":[115],"we":[116],"evaluate":[117],"some":[118],"Aloha-based":[119],"protocols":[120],"suitable":[121],"kind":[124],"and":[127],"present":[128],"new":[130],"adaptive":[131],"variant":[132],"that":[133,159],"allows":[134],"dynamically":[138],"adjust":[139],"transmission":[142],"rates":[143],"order":[145],"make":[147],"network":[149,168],"work":[150],"near":[151],"its":[152],"optimal":[153],"operating":[154],"point.":[155],"Simulation":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"our":[160],"proposal":[161],"is":[162],"able":[163],"significantly":[165],"improve":[166],"throughput":[169],"overloaded":[171],"scenarios":[172],"without":[173],"need":[175],"coordination":[177],"among":[178],"listening":[181],"channel":[184],"nor":[185],"gateway":[186],"support.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2023-11-18T00:00:00"}