{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388740161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532","title":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM: Asynchronous Reception and Performance Analysis","display_name":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM: Asynchronous Reception and Performance Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388740161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708850","display_name":"Guoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-555X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045420802","display_name":"Shaochuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-3126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaochuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-3126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010397043","display_name":"Changsheng You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-9361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-9361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016341240","display_name":"Wenbin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-4412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-4412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012508372","display_name":"Guanyu Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5478-6917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanyu Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101779246","display_name":"Xiaokang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-5273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88307448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"11894","last_page":"11906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.8661754131317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7983295917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7910173535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7002602219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5277431607246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5138054490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5001964569091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4184364974498749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40891143679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.331792414188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2890843152999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0994129478931427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.8661754131317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7983295917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7910173535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7002602219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5277431607246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5138054490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5001964569091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4184364974498749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40891143679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.331792414188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2890843152999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0994129478931427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3333532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3007329372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4351780340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1999833500","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2741520314","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2800897465","https://openalex.org/W2928963866","https://openalex.org/W2963116507","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2969768389","https://openalex.org/W2970757722","https://openalex.org/W2971415724","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3080932450","https://openalex.org/W3099019646","https://openalex.org/W3099345048","https://openalex.org/W3104746390","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3171146543","https://openalex.org/W3174518893","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W3197134600","https://openalex.org/W3198664870","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W4206124306","https://openalex.org/W4221142974","https://openalex.org/W4290996551","https://openalex.org/W4315777365","https://openalex.org/W4318586278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W3118536199","https://openalex.org/W3168365631","https://openalex.org/W3016860855","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2466005243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[2],"(CF":[3],"mMIMO)":[4],"is":[5,229],"a":[6,242],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,24,57,184,233],"enhance":[10],"the":[11,27,30,44,58,62,71,96,110,123,130,135,152,168,185,200],"spectrum":[12],"efficiency":[13],"in":[14,82,211],"future":[15],"wireless":[16,76],"systems":[17],"by":[18,119,141,189],"leveraging":[19],"distributed":[20,160,214],"access":[21],"points":[22],"(APs)":[23],"jointly":[25],"serve":[26],"users":[28,52],"over":[29],"same":[31],"time-frequency":[32],"resource.":[33],"However,":[34],"for":[35,151,156,165],"uplink":[36,85,153,169],"communications":[37],"under":[38,78,104,172,180,197],"orthogonal":[39],"frequency":[40],"division":[41],"multiplexing":[42],"(OFDM),":[43],"signals":[45],"received":[46],"at":[47,129],"different":[48,51,126],"APs":[49,63],"from":[50],"are":[53,175],"generally":[54],"asynchronous,":[55],"due":[56,183],"varying":[59],"distances":[60],"between":[61,125],"and":[64,88,107,115,144,159,206,213,220],"users.":[65],"In":[66,92,132],"this":[67],"article,":[68],"we":[69,94,147],"study":[70],"performance":[72],"of":[73,84],"CF":[74],"mMIMO-OFDM":[75],"system":[77],"asynchronous":[79,105,120,145,173,190,198,234],"signal":[80],"reception":[81,106,121,174,182,235],"terms":[83],"channel":[86,102,137],"estimation":[87,103],"achievable":[89,154,170,244],"spectral":[90],"efficiency.":[91],"particular,":[93],"devise":[95],"minimum":[97],"mean":[98],"square":[99],"error":[100],"(MMSE)":[101],"reveal":[108],"how":[109],"phase":[111,186],"shift,":[112],"intersymbol":[113],"interference,":[114],"intercarrier":[116],"interference":[117],"introduced":[118],"destroy":[122],"orthogonality":[124],"pilot":[127,142],"sequences":[128],"APs.":[131],"addition,":[133],"given":[134],"imperfect":[136],"state":[138],"information":[139],"caused":[140,188],"contamination":[143],"reception,":[146,199],"obtain":[148],"closed-form":[149],"expressions":[150],"rate":[155],"both":[157,166],"centralized":[158,212],"operations.":[161],"We":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164,196,225],"operations,":[167],"rates":[171],"much":[176,230],"smaller":[177],"than":[178,236],"those":[179],"synchronous":[181],"shift":[187],"reception.":[191],"Last,":[192],"numerical":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"maximum":[201,207],"sum-rate":[202],"loss":[203],"with":[204],"MMSE":[205,227],"ratio":[208],"(MR)":[209],"combining":[210,228],"operations":[215],"reach":[216],"29.5%,":[217],"4%,":[218],"45.4%,":[219],"8%,":[221],"respectively.":[222],"This":[223],"indicates":[224],"while":[226],"more":[231],"sensitive":[232],"MR":[237],"combining,":[238],"it":[239],"still":[240],"achieves":[241],"higher":[243],"rate.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
