{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387831787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174","title":"Spatial-Attention-Based Channel Estimation in IRS-Assisted mmWave MU-MISO Systems","display_name":"Spatial-Attention-Based Channel Estimation in IRS-Assisted mmWave MU-MISO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387831787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009902276","display_name":"Xiaowei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-0236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101451","display_name":"Nanjing University of Industry Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qf07q44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101451"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","School of IT and Software, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-0236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT and Software, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090513264","display_name":"Yulong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079689540","display_name":"Liangsen Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-9352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangsen Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-9352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7502548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"9801","last_page":"9813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.759917140007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6153689026832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4283900856971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41817614436149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.41540271043777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3465805947780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1435146927833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09281229972839355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.759917140007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6153689026832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4283900856971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41817614436149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.41540271043777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3465805947780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1435146927833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09281229972839355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3326174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G173900143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2046026471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2022800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547152870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8257924436","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5f02\u6784\u878d\u5408\u65e0\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u534f\u540c\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2130134073","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2626017178","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2925181975","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963000651","https://openalex.org/W2964124316","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3003686880","https://openalex.org/W3007669596","https://openalex.org/W3012427268","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3082926577","https://openalex.org/W3105487862","https://openalex.org/W3118666507","https://openalex.org/W3121978485","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3133878048","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3161522428","https://openalex.org/W3180206688","https://openalex.org/W3187692631","https://openalex.org/W3195605735","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W4225757441","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4285307882","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6760993166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1920297318","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W4252076617","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2371880550","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)-assisted":[3],"communication":[4],"systems":[5],"rely":[6],"heavily":[7],"on":[8,222],"the":[9,23,30,50,69,79,101,106,110,113,156,187,192,195,201],"precise":[10],"estimation":[11,96],"of":[12,112,140,174,194,212],"channel":[13,53,80,95],"state":[14],"information":[15],"(CSI)":[16],"for":[17,121,199],"their":[18],"effective":[19],"operation.":[20],"However,":[21],"obtaining":[22],"accurate":[24],"CSI":[25],"is":[26,225,235],"challenging":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,48,77,210],"substantial":[31],"pilot":[32,102,190,196,232],"overhead":[33,234],"required":[34],"in":[35,54,172,203,228],"such":[36],"systems.":[37],"In":[38,75],"this":[39],"article,":[40],"we":[41,82,108,126],"propose":[42,91],"a":[43,86,92,128,135,219],"spatial":[44,129,145],"attention":[45],"(SA)-based":[46],"method":[47],"estimate":[49,78],"cascaded":[51,229],"downlink":[52],"an":[55],"IRS-assisted":[56],"millimeter-wave":[57],"(mmWave)":[58],"multiuser":[59],"multiple":[60],"input":[61],"single":[62],"output":[63],"(MU-MISO)":[64],"system":[65],"that":[66,99,133,150,184],"operates":[67],"with":[68],"frequency":[70],"division":[71],"duplex":[72],"(FDD)":[73],"protocol.":[74],"order":[76],"information,":[81],"formulate":[83],"it":[84],"as":[85,118],"nonlinear":[87],"prediction":[88],"problem":[89],"and":[90,153,165,189,205],"residual":[93],"network-based":[94],"(RN-CE)":[97],"framework":[98],"reduces":[100],"overhead.":[103],"To":[104],"implement":[105],"RN-CE,":[107],"utilize":[109],"values":[111],"least":[114],"square":[115,177],"(LS)":[116],"estimators":[117],"coarse":[119],"estimates":[120],"neural":[122,167],"network":[123,168],"training.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"develop":[127],"attention-based":[130],"RN-CE":[131,152,204],"(SA-RN-CE)":[132],"integrates":[134],"lightweight":[136],"SA":[137],"module":[138],"capable":[139],"extracting":[141],"internal":[142],"connections":[143],"among":[144],"features.":[146],"Simulation":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"both":[151],"SA-RN-CE":[154,206],"outperform":[155],"LS":[157],"algorithm,":[158,164],"minimum":[159],"mean":[160,176],"squared":[161],"error":[162,178],"(MMSE)":[163],"convolutional":[166],"(CNN)-based":[169],"ChannelNet":[170],"algorithm":[171],"terms":[173],"normalized":[175],"(NMSE).":[179],"It":[180],"has":[181],"been":[182],"found":[183],"by":[185],"balancing":[186],"NMSE":[188],"overhead,":[191],"length":[193],"signals":[197],"used":[198],"training":[200,233],"networks":[202],"can":[207],"be":[208],"compressed":[209],"1/8":[211],"its":[213],"original":[214],"length,":[215],"while":[216],"still":[217],"maintaining":[218],"minimal":[220],"impact":[221],"NMSE,":[223],"which":[224],"particularly":[226],"advantageous":[227],"channels":[230],"where":[231],"typically":[236],"extensive.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
