{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387790226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841","title":"UAV Trajectory, User Association, and Power Control for Multi-UAV-Enabled Energy-Harvesting Communications: Offline Design and Online Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"UAV Trajectory, User Association, and Power Control for Multi-UAV-Enabled Energy-Harvesting Communications: Offline Design and Online Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387790226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077456665","display_name":"Chien-Wei Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Wei Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061802575","display_name":"Meng\u2010Lin Ku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-9355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Lin Ku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-9355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079096928","display_name":"Yu\u2010Jia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-4073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Jia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-4073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99018724,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"9781","last_page":"9800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8435465097427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7802543044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6965869665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5060567259788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.4819307327270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.4726618528366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.42670321464538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4248031973838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4076428711414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3667297065258026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3472294509410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3314844071865082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11641106009483337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8435465097427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7802543044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6965869665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5060567259788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.4819307327270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4726618528366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42670321464538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4248031973838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4076428711414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3667297065258026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3472294509410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3314844071865082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11641106009483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3325841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G62945917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2221-E-008-042-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79131877","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1981815005","https://openalex.org/W1991781995","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2167156358","https://openalex.org/W2256188983","https://openalex.org/W2461510115","https://openalex.org/W2625914022","https://openalex.org/W2783165406","https://openalex.org/W2783184536","https://openalex.org/W2804909802","https://openalex.org/W2810482148","https://openalex.org/W2887592610","https://openalex.org/W2937572980","https://openalex.org/W2962847915","https://openalex.org/W2962991681","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2963133483","https://openalex.org/W2963497855","https://openalex.org/W2963943702","https://openalex.org/W2972656576","https://openalex.org/W2972876874","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W2996942283","https://openalex.org/W2997144419","https://openalex.org/W3002346944","https://openalex.org/W3004950342","https://openalex.org/W3006653661","https://openalex.org/W3012319098","https://openalex.org/W3013360312","https://openalex.org/W3033231351","https://openalex.org/W3035711800","https://openalex.org/W3048892754","https://openalex.org/W3085338972","https://openalex.org/W3094282058","https://openalex.org/W3102891358","https://openalex.org/W3103384110","https://openalex.org/W3105101694","https://openalex.org/W3185787010","https://openalex.org/W3209767145","https://openalex.org/W4210424958","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4364322927","https://openalex.org/W6603171186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588","https://openalex.org/W2086122291","https://openalex.org/W1987513656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,29],"this":[1,30],"article,":[2],"we":[3,32,111],"consider":[4],"multiple":[5,21],"solar-powered":[6],"wireless":[7],"nodes":[8],"(WNs)":[9],"which":[10,100],"utilize":[11,47],"the":[12,27,48,66,72,89,123,177,196,205,217,220,233,238],"harvested":[13,49],"solar":[14],"energy":[15,50,91],"to":[16,20,45,64,103,184,194,215],"transmit":[17],"collected":[18],"data":[19],"unmanned":[22],"aerial":[23],"vehicles":[24],"(UAVs)":[25],"in":[26,105],"uplink.":[28],"context,":[31],"jointly":[33],"design":[34,61,78,155],"UAV":[35,180],"flight":[36,173,187],"trajectories,":[37,181],"UAV-node":[38],"user":[39,74,235],"association,":[40],"and":[41,51,83,95,126,131,150,191,199,229,240],"uplink":[42],"power":[43],"control":[44],"effectively":[46],"manage":[52],"co-channel":[53],"interference":[54],"within":[55],"a":[56],"finite":[57],"time":[58],"horizon.":[59],"The":[60,76,137,223],"goal":[62],"is":[63,80,139,182],"ensure":[65],"fairness":[67],"of":[68,88,170,219],"WNs":[69],"by":[70,141,189],"maximizing":[71],"worst":[73,234],"rate.":[75],"joint":[77],"problem":[79,138],"highly":[81],"nonconvex":[82],"requires":[84],"causal":[85],"(future)":[86],"knowledge":[87],"instantaneous":[90],"state":[92,97],"information":[93,98],"(ESI)":[94],"channel":[96],"(CSI),":[99],"are":[101,135,213],"difficult":[102],"predict":[104],"reality.":[106],"To":[107],"overcome":[108],"these":[109],"challenges,":[110],"propose":[112],"an":[113,156],"offline":[114,179,239],"method":[115,162,226],"based":[116,163,175],"on":[117,164,176,232],"convex":[118,143,147],"optimization":[119],"that":[120],"only":[121],"utilizes":[122],"average":[124],"ESI":[125],"CSI,":[127],"where":[128],"line-of-sight":[129],"(LOS)":[130],"non-LOS":[132],"(NLOS)":[133],"channels":[134],"considered.":[136],"solved":[140],"three":[142],"subproblems":[144],"with":[145,204],"successive":[146],"approximation":[148],"(SCA)":[149],"alternative":[151],"optimization.":[152],"We":[153],"further":[154],"online":[157],"convex-assisted":[158],"reinforcement":[159,207],"learning":[160,197,208],"(CARL)":[161],"real-time":[165],"environmental":[166],"information.":[167],"An":[168],"idea":[169],"multi-UAV":[171],"regulated":[172],"corridors,":[174],"optimal":[178],"proposed":[183,221,224],"avoid":[185],"unnecessary":[186],"exploration":[188],"UAVs":[190],"enables":[192],"us":[193],"improve":[195],"efficiency":[198],"system":[200],"performance,":[201],"as":[202],"compared":[203],"conventional":[206,241],"(RL)":[209],"method.":[210],"Computer":[211],"simulations":[212],"used":[214],"verify":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"methods.":[222,243],"CARL":[225],"provides":[227],"25%":[228],"12%":[230],"improvement":[231],"rate":[236],"over":[237],"RL":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
