{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387042391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180","title":"Privacy-Preserving Mutual Authentication Protocol With Forward Secrecy for IoT\u2013Edge\u2013Cloud","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Mutual Authentication Protocol With Forward Secrecy for IoT\u2013Edge\u2013Cloud","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387042391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028375372","display_name":"Mohamed Seifelnasr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-1891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["CA","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Seifelnasr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt","Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-1891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027096660","display_name":"Riham AlTawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-6044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riham AlTawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-6044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085765243","display_name":"Amr Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062799629","display_name":"Essam Ghadafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-0180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essam Ghadafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87080853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"8105","last_page":"8117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8052736520767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7354195713996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.6893346309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.644725501537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6112815737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5597516298294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5481893420219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5480149984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5345956683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-secrecy","display_name":"Forward secrecy","score":0.5107851028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.49590715765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47764480113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.4178429841995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.2617899477481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.17416447401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1245540976524353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8052736520767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7354195713996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.6893346309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.644725501537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6112815737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5597516298294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5481893420219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5480149984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5345956683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.5107851028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.49590715765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47764480113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.4178429841995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2617899477481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.17416447401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1245540976524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3318180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1591524234","https://openalex.org/W1646354800","https://openalex.org/W1775358224","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1969015924","https://openalex.org/W1994248320","https://openalex.org/W2014538398","https://openalex.org/W2041950790","https://openalex.org/W2053249018","https://openalex.org/W2079199297","https://openalex.org/W2095054754","https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2099838142","https://openalex.org/W2112350027","https://openalex.org/W2114440979","https://openalex.org/W2128292595","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2166462813","https://openalex.org/W2169194339","https://openalex.org/W2174925257","https://openalex.org/W2243569459","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2515329741","https://openalex.org/W2576765166","https://openalex.org/W2611055971","https://openalex.org/W2732131698","https://openalex.org/W2779269988","https://openalex.org/W2783774416","https://openalex.org/W2784714515","https://openalex.org/W2789827290","https://openalex.org/W2888878287","https://openalex.org/W2909387311","https://openalex.org/W2915600598","https://openalex.org/W2942290076","https://openalex.org/W2955829994","https://openalex.org/W2985126008","https://openalex.org/W3011493986","https://openalex.org/W3034976616","https://openalex.org/W3092333758","https://openalex.org/W3128387462","https://openalex.org/W3190306355","https://openalex.org/W3205877508","https://openalex.org/W3206749114","https://openalex.org/W4205092462","https://openalex.org/W4205705709","https://openalex.org/W4285226905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140125353","https://openalex.org/W2482813613","https://openalex.org/W2363600212","https://openalex.org/W2736044769","https://openalex.org/W2619897385","https://openalex.org/W2364805998","https://openalex.org/W2963069143","https://openalex.org/W106082050","https://openalex.org/W2399882206","https://openalex.org/W3201780008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87],"three-tier":[1],"IoT\u2013Edge\u2013Cloud":[2],"paradigm":[3],"enables":[4],"low-end":[5],"devices":[6,42],"to":[7,18,36],"use":[8],"the":[9,13,64,83,95,129,140],"computation":[10,135],"capabilities":[11],"of":[12,89,128,142],"more":[14],"powerful":[15],"edge":[16,44],"nodes":[17],"meet":[19],"efficiency":[20],"constraints":[21],"for":[22,66,118],"real-time":[23],"applications.":[24],"Many":[25],"symmetric-key-based":[26],"schemes":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,94,144],"an":[30,67],"online":[31,68],"trusted":[32],"cloud":[33],"admin":[34],"(CA)":[35],"establish":[37],"session":[38,119],"keys":[39],"between":[40],"IoT":[41,71,84],"and":[43,81,99,115,134,149],"nodes.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"study,":[48],"we":[49,138],"propose":[50],"a":[51,145],"new":[52],"provably-secure":[53],"mutual":[54,113],"authentication":[55,85,114],"privacy-preserving":[56],"protocol":[57],"with":[58],"forward":[59],"secrecy":[60],"(MAPFS),":[61],"which":[62],"eliminates":[63],"requirement":[65],"CA":[69],"during":[70],"authentication.":[72],"To":[73],"achieve":[74],"anonymity,":[75],"our":[76,90],"construction":[77,91],"utilizes":[78],"zero-knowledge":[79],"proofs":[80],"randomizes":[82],"request.":[86],"security":[88,117],"is":[92],"based":[93],"well-studied":[96],"discrete":[97],"logarithm":[98],"decisional":[100],"Diffie\u2013Hellman":[101],"assumptions":[102],"in":[103,126],"elliptic":[104],"curve":[105],"groups.":[106],"We":[107,121],"formally":[108],"prove":[109],"that":[110],"MAPFS":[111,124,143],"ensures":[112],"semantic":[116],"keys.":[120],"also":[122],"evaluate":[123],"performance":[125,141],"terms":[127],"communication":[130],"overhead,":[131],"storage":[132],"requirements,":[133],"complexity.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"test":[139],"Raspberry":[146],"Pi":[147],"4":[148],"compare":[150],"it":[151],"against":[152],"other":[153],"certificate-less":[154],"protocols.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}