{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386494597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795","title":"Intent-Driven Closed-Loop Control and Management Framework for 6G Open RAN","display_name":"Intent-Driven Closed-Loop Control and Management Framework for 6G Open RAN","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386494597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/207258/1/Intent-driven_Closed-Loop_Control_and_Management_Framework_for_6G_Open_RAN.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435149","display_name":"Jingwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5910-0749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025990858","display_name":"Chungang Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chungang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020807218","display_name":"Ru Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319013","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074463174","display_name":"Alagan Anpalagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-6052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alagan Anpalagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069951778","display_name":"Qiang Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3896,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96163257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"6314","last_page":"6327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8389933109283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5576067566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5423837304115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5230951309204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.5020837783813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4869314432144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.46975424885749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-management","display_name":"Network management","score":0.4675285816192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-resource-management","display_name":"Radio resource management","score":0.4195185899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.4191972017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41817986965179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.31925860047340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25431251525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.22809872031211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1197846531867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11108914017677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.09857749938964844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8389933109283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5576067566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5423837304115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5230951309204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.5020837783813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4869314432144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.46975424885749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.4675285816192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.4195185899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.4191972017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41817986965179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.31925860047340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25431251525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.22809872031211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1197846531867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11108914017677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.09857749938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3312795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:207258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/207258/1/Intent-driven_Closed-Loop_Control_and_Management_Framework_for_6G_Open_RAN.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:207258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/207258/1/Intent-driven_Closed-Loop_Control_and_Management_Framework_for_6G_Open_RAN.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7199178231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386494597.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064054831","https://openalex.org/W2129754568","https://openalex.org/W2794564324","https://openalex.org/W2810583489","https://openalex.org/W2911938942","https://openalex.org/W2920736801","https://openalex.org/W2958091556","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2990695856","https://openalex.org/W3001299093","https://openalex.org/W3034530112","https://openalex.org/W3088279376","https://openalex.org/W3093155963","https://openalex.org/W3106901883","https://openalex.org/W3137845454","https://openalex.org/W3152952112","https://openalex.org/W3166710875","https://openalex.org/W3183769430","https://openalex.org/W3186584708","https://openalex.org/W3213872105","https://openalex.org/W3215827683","https://openalex.org/W4205540438","https://openalex.org/W4211198362","https://openalex.org/W4250709128","https://openalex.org/W4289654988","https://openalex.org/W4360996555","https://openalex.org/W7006286342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786634913","https://openalex.org/W4391260709","https://openalex.org/W2470545533","https://openalex.org/W2971311246","https://openalex.org/W2137999817","https://openalex.org/W3017571569","https://openalex.org/W2739305620","https://openalex.org/W2139469462","https://openalex.org/W1496763424","https://openalex.org/W1973469749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"mobile":[1,52],"networks":[2,40],"should":[3,56],"provide":[4],"on-demand":[5,78],"services":[6],"for":[7,60],"various":[8],"industries":[9],"and":[10,35,77,81,86,102,112,126,170,175,198],"applications":[11],"with":[12,65,177],"the":[13,24,30,36,50,54,61,84,107,118,128,135,151,154,159,167,172,188],"stringent":[14],"guarantees":[15],"of":[16,18,26,33,38,109,137,153,190,196],"Quality":[17],"Experience":[19],"(QoE),":[20],"which":[21,140],"highly":[22],"challenge":[23],"flexibility":[25],"network":[27,76,110,163],"management.":[28],"However,":[29],"diverse":[31],"requirements":[32],"QoE":[34],"management":[37,103,176],"heterogeneous":[39],"create":[41],"significant":[42],"pressure":[43],"toward":[44],"communication":[45,62],"service":[46,63],"providers":[47],"(CSPs).":[48],"In":[49,69],"sixth-generation":[51],"networks,":[53],"CSPs":[55],"guarantee":[57],"resilient":[58],"performance":[59],"consumers":[64],"less":[66],"human":[67],"involvement.":[68],"this":[70],"work,":[71],"we":[72,94,124,149],"turn":[73],"to":[74,82,133],"Intent-driven":[75],"slice":[79,92],"management,":[80,93],"decrease":[83],"complexity":[85],"cost":[87],"in":[88,166,194],"full":[89],"life":[90],"cycle":[91],"first":[95],"present":[96],"an":[97],"intent-driven":[98],"closedloop":[99],"(CL)":[100],"control":[101,174],"framework":[104,156],"that":[105],"automates":[106],"deployment":[108],"slices":[111],"manages":[113],"resources":[114],"intelligently":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117],"extended":[119],"CL":[120,173],"architecture.":[121],"And":[122],"then,":[123],"explore":[125],"exploit":[127],"deep":[129],"reinforcement":[130],"learning":[131],"algorithm":[132],"address":[134],"problem":[136],"resource":[138],"allocation,":[139],"is":[141],"formulated":[142],"as":[143],"a":[144,178],"Markov":[145],"decision":[146],"process.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"demonstrate":[150,187],"feasibility":[152],"proposed":[155],"by":[157],"deploying":[158],"open":[160],"radio":[161],"access":[162],"(RAN)":[164],"infrastructure":[165],"OpenAirInterface":[168],"platform":[169],"realizing":[171],"near":[179],"real-time":[180],"RAN":[181],"intelligent":[182],"controller.":[183],"The":[184],"emulation":[185],"results":[186],"effectiveness":[189],"slicing":[191],"performance,":[192],"measured":[193],"terms":[195],"delay":[197],"rate.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}