{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386262252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859","title":"Sum-Rate Maximization in STAR-RIS-Assisted RSMA Networks: A PPO-Based Algorithm","display_name":"Sum-Rate Maximization in STAR-RIS-Assisted RSMA Networks: A PPO-Based Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386262252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061325449","display_name":"Chanyuan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3812-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanyuan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3812-4406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668908","display_name":"Ke Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108049716","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101635894","display_name":"Bo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079233004","display_name":"Pingyi Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9837178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"5667","last_page":"5680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7690029740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5984070897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5814813375473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5465131402015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5192309021949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4827496409416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4821293354034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4465583562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44398531317710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.19015413522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14409413933753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12789493799209595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7690029740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5984070897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5814813375473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5465131402015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5192309021949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4827496409416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4821293354034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4465583562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44398531317710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.19015413522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14409413933753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12789493799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3309859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-130078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-130078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4510097671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JBGP003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4711935633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2288501207","https://openalex.org/W2604252918","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2798894979","https://openalex.org/W2892550797","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3044746003","https://openalex.org/W3045780692","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3085338972","https://openalex.org/W3089006580","https://openalex.org/W3098596229","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3106154226","https://openalex.org/W3108070921","https://openalex.org/W3120094264","https://openalex.org/W3122751454","https://openalex.org/W3125035800","https://openalex.org/W3129366882","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3144145005","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3168625149","https://openalex.org/W3173963812","https://openalex.org/W3174042897","https://openalex.org/W3184084195","https://openalex.org/W3184496427","https://openalex.org/W3188052435","https://openalex.org/W3190430387","https://openalex.org/W3190746070","https://openalex.org/W3191717679","https://openalex.org/W3193591298","https://openalex.org/W3194637848","https://openalex.org/W3197321928","https://openalex.org/W3198290069","https://openalex.org/W3202347572","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3206671995","https://openalex.org/W3207252949","https://openalex.org/W3210073225","https://openalex.org/W3214686513","https://openalex.org/W3216751135","https://openalex.org/W4200200072","https://openalex.org/W4214869439","https://openalex.org/W4220697450","https://openalex.org/W4221149552","https://openalex.org/W4221160108","https://openalex.org/W4225663377","https://openalex.org/W4280644846","https://openalex.org/W4283203911","https://openalex.org/W4283213484","https://openalex.org/W4283215835","https://openalex.org/W4283816001","https://openalex.org/W4285121582","https://openalex.org/W4289536721","https://openalex.org/W4289656497","https://openalex.org/W4289656768","https://openalex.org/W4290994929","https://openalex.org/W4292387509","https://openalex.org/W4293098889","https://openalex.org/W4296911500","https://openalex.org/W4309263426","https://openalex.org/W4309757170","https://openalex.org/W4312653776","https://openalex.org/W4315473124","https://openalex.org/W4318586180","https://openalex.org/W4320855464","https://openalex.org/W4367016761","https://openalex.org/W4367280092","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6849503511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W2287071596","https://openalex.org/W2169192185","https://openalex.org/W2103590590","https://openalex.org/W2013230419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"simultaneous":[3],"transmitting":[4],"and":[5,86,103,106,119,159,203,235,251,261],"reflecting":[6],"reconfigurable":[7],"intelligent":[8],"surface":[9],"(STAR-RIS)-assisted":[10],"downlink":[11],"multiuser":[12],"multiple-input\u2013single-output":[13],"(MU-MISO)":[14],"networks":[15,67],"with":[16,36],"the":[17,37,50,61,66,69,73,79,95,98,104,113,120,153,156,160,175,183,188,196,213,217,223,227,232,236,247,270,279],"rate":[18,64,83,90,100,250],"splitting":[19],"multiple":[20,34,123,281],"access":[21,282],"(RSMA)":[22],"scheme.":[23],"A":[24,166],"base":[25],"station":[26],"(BS)":[27],"desires":[28],"to":[29,33,42,59,112,128,172,179,255],"simultaneously":[30],"transmit":[31,177],"messages":[32],"users":[35],"assistance":[38],"of":[39,52,65,71,84,116,122],"an":[40],"STAR-RIS":[41,244],"enhance":[43],"communication":[44,117],"quality":[45],"as":[46,48,212],"well":[47,202],"extend":[49],"coverage":[51],"users.":[53],"An":[54],"optimization":[55,133,143],"problem":[56,134],"is":[57,126,150,170],"formulated":[58],"maximize":[60],"achievable":[62],"sum":[63,249],"on":[68,75],"premise":[70],"satisfying":[72],"constraints":[74],"power":[76,178,189],"budget":[77,190],"at":[78],"BS,":[80],"total":[81],"common-stream":[82,99],"users,":[85],"individual":[87],"users\u2019":[88],"minimum":[89],"requirements,":[91],"via":[92],"jointly":[93],"optimizing":[94],"beamforming":[96],"vectors,":[97],"allocation":[101],"vector,":[102],"transmission":[105,230],"reflection":[107],"coefficients":[108],"(TARCs)":[109],"matrix.":[110],"Due":[111],"dynamic":[114],"changes":[115],"links":[118],"coupling":[121],"variables,":[124],"it":[125,240,265],"challenging":[127],"solve":[129],"such":[130,211,286],"a":[131,140,287],"nonconvex":[132],"by":[135],"utilizing":[136],"traditional":[137,257],"methods.":[138,238],"Therefore,":[139],"proximal":[141],"policy":[142,220],"(PPO)-based":[144],"deep":[145,218],"reinforcement":[146],"learning":[147],"(DRL)":[148],"algorithm":[149,200,225],"proposed,":[151],"where":[152],"reward":[154],"function,":[155],"action":[157],"space":[158,162],"state":[161],"are":[163],"designed":[164],"properly.":[165],"constraint-satisfaction-processing":[167],"(CSP)":[168],"method":[169],"employed":[171],"further":[173],"adjust":[174],"optimized":[176,185],"make":[180],"sure":[181],"that":[182,195,242,268],"obtained":[184],"results":[186,193],"satisfy":[187],"constraint.":[191],"Simulation":[192],"show":[194],"proposed":[197],"PPO-based":[198],"DRL":[199],"converges":[201],"achieves":[204,273],"much":[205],"better":[206],"performance":[207,276],"than":[208,278],"several":[209],"baselines,":[210],"soft":[214],"actor\u2013critic":[215],"(SAC),":[216],"deterministic":[219],"gradient":[221],"(DDPG),":[222],"genetic":[224],"(GA),":[226],"maximum":[228],"ratio":[229],"(MRT),":[231],"zero-forcing":[233],"(ZF),":[234],"random":[237],"Moreover,":[239],"demonstrates":[241],"deploying":[243,256],"greatly":[245],"enhances":[246],"system":[248],"user":[252],"fairness":[253],"compared":[254],"reflecting-only":[258],"RIS":[259],"(RO-RIS)":[260],"without":[262],"RIS.":[263],"Besides,":[264],"also":[266],"shows":[267],"adopting":[269],"RSMA":[271],"scheme":[272,284],"more":[274],"notable":[275],"gains":[277],"nonorthogonal":[280],"(NOMA)":[283],"in":[285],"network.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
