{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385453269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788","title":"WiFi Physical Layer Stays Awake and Responds When it Should Not","display_name":"WiFi Physical Layer Stays Awake and Responds When it Should Not","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385453269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768925","display_name":"Ali Abedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7905-5965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084307952","display_name":"Haofan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haofan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-0907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673391","display_name":"Alex Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082185345","display_name":"Charlie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1739-1159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1739-1159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065134796","display_name":"Omid Abari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-6301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Abari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81610806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"4483","last_page":"4496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7971595525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7804276943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.710229218006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6688098907470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6499848365783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5778343677520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.46779757738113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42990821599960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23179247975349426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7971595525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7804276943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.710229218006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6688098907470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6499848365783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5778343677520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46779757738113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42990821599960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23179247975349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3300788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977986674","https://openalex.org/W2013069065","https://openalex.org/W2036339971","https://openalex.org/W2060635568","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2087090335","https://openalex.org/W2090394384","https://openalex.org/W2099042427","https://openalex.org/W2118840832","https://openalex.org/W2131316887","https://openalex.org/W2139325423","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2411767049","https://openalex.org/W2507908806","https://openalex.org/W2513793239","https://openalex.org/W2600685710","https://openalex.org/W2626807326","https://openalex.org/W2735039232","https://openalex.org/W2740849578","https://openalex.org/W2751929017","https://openalex.org/W2756489842","https://openalex.org/W2820000974","https://openalex.org/W2900264681","https://openalex.org/W2950821050","https://openalex.org/W2952065976","https://openalex.org/W2980064241","https://openalex.org/W3043946492","https://openalex.org/W3046603724","https://openalex.org/W3097918968","https://openalex.org/W3100599082","https://openalex.org/W3150881315","https://openalex.org/W4229016148","https://openalex.org/W4236188095","https://openalex.org/W4306179687","https://openalex.org/W6631457543","https://openalex.org/W6730377305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388150944","https://openalex.org/W4242235492","https://openalex.org/W4237162029","https://openalex.org/W2367268135","https://openalex.org/W2385701518","https://openalex.org/W4237464767","https://openalex.org/W1658340114","https://openalex.org/W2068562251","https://openalex.org/W4252295672","https://openalex.org/W1480190076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WiFi":[0,18,31,50,119,126],"communication":[1],"should":[2],"be":[3,85],"possible":[4],"only":[5],"between":[6],"devices":[7,19,32,70],"inside":[8],"the":[9,46,98],"same":[10],"network.":[11,36],"However,":[12],"we":[13,38,106],"find":[14,39],"that":[15,40,75],"all":[16],"existing":[17],"send":[20],"back":[21],"acknowledgments":[22],"(ACKs)":[23],"to":[24,63,96],"even":[25],"fake":[26,60],"packets":[27],"received":[28],"from":[29,71],"unauthorized":[30,42],"outside":[33],"of":[34,49,67,100],"their":[35,104],"Moreover,":[37],"an":[41,113],"device":[43],"can":[44],"manipulate":[45],"power-saving":[47],"mechanism":[48],"radios":[51],"and":[52,87,92,103,108,118],"keep":[53],"them":[54],"continuously":[55],"awake":[56],"by":[57],"sending":[58],"specific":[59],"beacon":[61],"frames":[62],"them.":[64],"Our":[65],"evaluation":[66],"over":[68],"5000":[69],"186":[72],"vendors":[73],"confirms":[74],"these":[76,82,101],"are":[77],"widespread":[78],"issues.":[79],"We":[80],"believe":[81],"loopholes":[83],"cannot":[84],"prevented,":[86],"hence":[88],"they":[89],"create":[90],"privacy":[91],"security":[93],"concerns.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"show":[97],"importance":[99],"issues":[102],"consequences,":[105],"implement":[107],"demonstrate":[109],"two":[110],"attacks":[111,121],"where":[112],"adversary":[114],"performs":[115],"battery":[116],"drain":[117],"sensing":[120],"just":[122],"using":[123],"a":[124],"tiny":[125],"module":[127],"which":[128],"costs":[129],"less":[130],"than":[131],"ten":[132],"dollars.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
