{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384080782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847","title":"Index-Modulation-Based Key Exchange Scheme for Internet of Things Networks","display_name":"Index-Modulation-Based Key Exchange Scheme for Internet of Things Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384080782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"paratext","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024354472","display_name":"Tasneem Alshamaseen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8721-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tasneem Alshamaseen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8721-4989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050356326","display_name":"Saud Althunibat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100086675","display_name":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University","ror":"https://ror.org/019dkd780","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud Althunibat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-5007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010196813","display_name":"Marwa Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-2478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa Qaraqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-2478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001233832","display_name":"Elmehdi Illi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-3698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmehdi Illi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-3698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083405389","display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"2606","last_page":"2617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":true,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7323606610298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6159441471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6109271049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5093499422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.5092679262161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5078683495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.453890323638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4287988245487213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42197442054748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3837170898914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34290432929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.29697316884994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11311739683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.0964823067188263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7323606610298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6159441471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6109271049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5093499422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.5092679262161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5078683495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.453890323638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4287988245487213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42197442054748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3837170898914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34290432929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.29697316884994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11311739683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0964823067188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3294847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118740165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPS G5797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320317","funder_display_name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320317","display_name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05xagc088"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1919042217","https://openalex.org/W1958735522","https://openalex.org/W1984276951","https://openalex.org/W1995524702","https://openalex.org/W2002978831","https://openalex.org/W2013405390","https://openalex.org/W2014092260","https://openalex.org/W2077129971","https://openalex.org/W2088260581","https://openalex.org/W2091729149","https://openalex.org/W2126477936","https://openalex.org/W2147172043","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2165695298","https://openalex.org/W2170431600","https://openalex.org/W2233856233","https://openalex.org/W2328709100","https://openalex.org/W2566042378","https://openalex.org/W2581042172","https://openalex.org/W2619678842","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2766850031","https://openalex.org/W2886803635","https://openalex.org/W2892412810","https://openalex.org/W2896570695","https://openalex.org/W2898104747","https://openalex.org/W2900583644","https://openalex.org/W2911603208","https://openalex.org/W2921572401","https://openalex.org/W2951694401","https://openalex.org/W2964014541","https://openalex.org/W2999016727","https://openalex.org/W3002413507","https://openalex.org/W3007256892","https://openalex.org/W3018472673","https://openalex.org/W3041532898","https://openalex.org/W3045385301","https://openalex.org/W3113221786","https://openalex.org/W3117568382","https://openalex.org/W3127595569","https://openalex.org/W3134405752","https://openalex.org/W3159391741","https://openalex.org/W3166393976","https://openalex.org/W3190660153","https://openalex.org/W4285142094","https://openalex.org/W4285185691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,115],"pervasiveness":[1],"of":[2,5,117,152,174,185,199],"the":[3,17,60,67,79,109,118,125,129,138,147,159,163,166,183,186,192,197],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"in":[8,146],"our":[9],"daily":[10],"lives":[11],"has":[12,35],"been":[13,36],"remarkably":[14],"increasing":[15],"over":[16],"past":[18],"years.":[19],"Due":[20],"to":[21,87,107,137,171],"their":[22],"massive":[23],"connectivity":[24],"and":[25,43,85,190,202],"limited":[26],"resources,":[27],"ensuring":[28],"decent":[29],"security":[30],"levels":[31],"for":[32,50,66,103,128],"these":[33],"networks":[34],"challenging.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"article,":[40],"a":[41,92,143,150,200],"novel":[42],"efficient":[44],"physical":[45],"layer":[46],"key":[47,68,89,130],"exchange":[48,69,88],"scheme":[49,57,120],"IoT":[51],"devices":[52],"is":[53,101,121,168],"proposed.":[54],"proposed":[56,119,193],"leverages":[58],"on":[59,124],"well-known":[61],"index":[62],"modulation":[63],"(IM)":[64],"technique":[65],"process":[70],"by":[71],"exploiting":[72],"IM-based":[73],"selected":[74],"carrier":[75],"frequency":[76],"indices":[77],"at":[78,158,165],"legitimate":[80,160],"transceiver":[81],"pairs":[82],"(i.e.,":[83],"Alice":[84],"Bob)":[86],"symbols.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"random":[93],"power":[94],"level":[95,111],"selection":[96],"along":[97],"with":[98],"channel":[99,176],"precoding":[100],"performed":[102],"each":[104],"symbol":[105],"transmission":[106],"enhance":[108],"secrecy":[110],"against":[112],"potential":[113],"eavesdroppers.":[114],"performance":[116,145],"analyzed":[122],"based":[123],"upper-bound":[126],"expression":[127],"error":[131],"probability":[132],"(KEP)":[133],"metric.":[134],"As":[135],"compared":[136],"benchmark":[139],"scheme,":[140],"results":[141,181],"reveal":[142],"promising":[144],"KEP,":[148],"where":[149],"minimum":[151],"10":[153],"dBW":[154],"can":[155],"be":[156],"gained":[157],"node,":[161],"while":[162],"KEP":[164],"eavesdropper":[167],"kept":[169],"close":[170],"one":[172],"regardless":[173],"its":[175],"conditions.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"extensive":[179],"numerical":[180],"corroborate":[182],"accuracy":[184],"derived":[187],"mathematical":[188],"framework":[189],"endorse":[191],"scheme\u2019s":[194],"robustness":[195],"under":[196],"existence":[198],"smart":[201],"powerful":[203],"adversarial":[204],"node.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}