{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382658138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233","title":"A Multimethod Study of Internet of Things Systems Testing in Industry","display_name":"A Multimethod Study of Internet of Things Systems Testing in Industry","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382658138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032494599","display_name":"Jean Baptiste Minani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Baptiste Minani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-6645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042078753","display_name":"Fatima Sabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Sabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-6603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007508017","display_name":"Naouel Moha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naouel Moha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048594006","display_name":"Yann\u2010Ga\u00ebl Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-2563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yann-Ga\u00ebl Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-2563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9433665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1662","last_page":"1684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7675532102584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6283267736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5770175457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-testing","display_name":"System testing","score":0.5451804995536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5134852528572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integration-testing","display_name":"Integration testing","score":0.4919590651988983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-testing","display_name":"Model-based testing","score":0.4506049156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.4500558376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44620364904403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-testing","display_name":"Product testing","score":0.4223959743976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-strategy","display_name":"Test strategy","score":0.4159989655017853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3916233777999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3541322350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.2908099293708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13980898261070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1383686065673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.12644296884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12348106503486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10945311188697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7675532102584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6283267736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5770175457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7166840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199682","display_name":"System testing","level":2,"score":0.5451804995536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5134852528572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107683887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782466","display_name":"Integration testing","level":3,"score":0.4919590651988983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165825675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399743","display_name":"Model-based testing","level":4,"score":0.4506049156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.4500558376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44620364904403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526771534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247798","display_name":"Product testing","level":2,"score":0.4223959743976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188598960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705805","display_name":"Test strategy","level":3,"score":0.4159989655017853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3916233777999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3541322350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2908099293708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13980898261070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1383686065673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.12644296884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12348106503486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10945311188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3291233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:27285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/27285/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903661948","https://openalex.org/W1999813422","https://openalex.org/W2111335329","https://openalex.org/W2142759419","https://openalex.org/W2492337228","https://openalex.org/W2529546255","https://openalex.org/W2581042172","https://openalex.org/W2604358811","https://openalex.org/W2618974155","https://openalex.org/W2622213173","https://openalex.org/W2742320019","https://openalex.org/W2747900990","https://openalex.org/W2782231072","https://openalex.org/W2791199353","https://openalex.org/W2797058607","https://openalex.org/W2883476426","https://openalex.org/W2884894912","https://openalex.org/W2885304496","https://openalex.org/W2895552032","https://openalex.org/W2898101126","https://openalex.org/W2901837276","https://openalex.org/W2908873467","https://openalex.org/W2910778426","https://openalex.org/W2952589828","https://openalex.org/W2960144990","https://openalex.org/W2964797264","https://openalex.org/W2972534883","https://openalex.org/W2974769630","https://openalex.org/W2992100963","https://openalex.org/W2992116349","https://openalex.org/W2993403613","https://openalex.org/W3003749772","https://openalex.org/W3007023507","https://openalex.org/W3010936976","https://openalex.org/W3012037263","https://openalex.org/W3013236980","https://openalex.org/W3013398655","https://openalex.org/W3036314835","https://openalex.org/W3043039374","https://openalex.org/W3082859543","https://openalex.org/W3105687553","https://openalex.org/W3106580438","https://openalex.org/W3143407182","https://openalex.org/W3156207907","https://openalex.org/W3157441786","https://openalex.org/W3158169797","https://openalex.org/W3160783671","https://openalex.org/W3165673435","https://openalex.org/W3166552890","https://openalex.org/W3193888173","https://openalex.org/W3200618075","https://openalex.org/W3203564925","https://openalex.org/W3210865440","https://openalex.org/W4200210069","https://openalex.org/W4213236278","https://openalex.org/W4224038053","https://openalex.org/W4224440113","https://openalex.org/W4226115281","https://openalex.org/W4292825917","https://openalex.org/W6735540519","https://openalex.org/W6748477076","https://openalex.org/W6750637072","https://openalex.org/W6766225874","https://openalex.org/W6964941875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988901622","https://openalex.org/W2886756146","https://openalex.org/W2098804367","https://openalex.org/W2022894844","https://openalex.org/W2145505903","https://openalex.org/W2737364229","https://openalex.org/W2564510446","https://openalex.org/W2109404197","https://openalex.org/W2921140004","https://openalex.org/W1495752199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,14,67,103,110,130,140,148,189,194,207],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,16,46,62,86,160,182,197,209],"Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"grows,":[6],"its":[7],"failures":[8],"may":[9,136],"have":[10,36],"dramatic":[11],"consequences":[12],"on":[13,20,51,93,109,139],"lives":[15],"people":[17],"who":[18],"depend":[19],"it.":[21],"Yet,":[22],"it":[23],"is":[24,129,152,165,176,188],"hard":[25],"to":[26,121,192,239,249],"test":[27,217,223],"IoT":[28,42,63,70,88,95,116,143,170,175,183,204,235,245],"systems":[29,64,96],"before":[30],"they":[31],"are":[32,49,225],"deployed.":[33],"Several":[34],"researchers":[35,238],"provided":[37],"state-of-the-art":[38],"approaches":[39,48],"for":[40,178,227],"testing":[41,65,94,117,123,145,169,181,205],"systems.":[43],"However,":[44],"many":[45],"those":[47],"based":[50],"academia":[52],"rather":[53],"than":[54,124],"industry.":[55],"Therefore,":[56],"we":[57],"conducted":[58],"a":[59,221],"multimethod":[60],"study":[61,91],"in":[66,168,203,244],"industry":[68,78,98],"with":[69,157],"practitioners.":[71,99],"We":[72],"used":[73,167],"three":[74],"methods:":[75],"1)":[76,105],"an":[77],"survey;":[79],"2)":[80,142],"practitioners":[81,236],"interviews;":[82],"and":[83,113,151,213,219,237,241],"3)":[84,185],"analysis":[85,187],"Eclipse":[87],"surveys.":[89],"This":[90,230],"focuses":[92,107],"by":[97],"The":[100,200],"findings":[101,232],"show":[102],"following.":[104],"Testing":[106],"more":[108,119],"device,":[111],"network,":[112],"application":[114],"layers.":[115],"gives":[118],"importance":[120],"integration":[122],"acceptance":[125],"testing.":[126,163],"Test":[127],"coverage":[128],"most":[131],"important":[132],"metric,":[133],"but":[134],"metrics":[135],"vary":[137],"depending":[138],"project.":[141],"system":[144,246],"mainly":[146],"uses":[147],"model-based":[149],"approach":[150,191,224],"often":[153],"manual":[154],"or":[155],"semi-automated,":[156],"low":[158],"adoption":[159],"white":[161],"box":[162],"Node-RED":[164],"commonly":[166],"systems,":[171],"while":[172],"Amazon":[173],"AWS":[174],"popular":[177],"cloud":[179],"platform":[180],"devices.":[184],"Log":[186],"main":[190,201],"analyzing":[193],"root":[195],"cause":[196],"bugs.":[198],"4)":[199],"challenges":[202,243],"include":[206],"lack":[208],"standards,":[210],"security,":[211],"connectivity,":[212],"reference":[214],"architecture.":[215],"Generating":[216],"cases":[218],"establishing":[220],"standard":[222],"recommended":[226],"further":[228],"research.":[229],"study\u2019s":[231],"can":[233],"help":[234],"identify":[240],"tackle":[242],"testing,":[247],"leading":[248],"future":[250],"research":[251],"opportunities.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}