{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382055021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491","title":"Energy-Aware Multiuser Symbiotic Communications Enhanced by RIS for Passive IoT","display_name":"Energy-Aware Multiuser Symbiotic Communications Enhanced by RIS for Passive IoT","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382055021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074980068","display_name":"Yingting Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-3496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingting Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-3496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061030501","display_name":"Xiaodong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059295869","display_name":"Shujun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-7732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-7732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029818822","display_name":"Mengying Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-7546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-7546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405787","display_name":"Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-104X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-104X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81006895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1398","last_page":"1412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7964050769805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7827192544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.711288332939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6939551830291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Time division multiple access","score":0.5873186588287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5527306795120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.47835224866867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.47394683957099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","score":0.4581119418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4397372603416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43496400117874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43305543065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4326637387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.418434202671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.28134429454803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23692461848258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2109353244304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.1695334017276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1255926489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12378773093223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10297513008117676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7964050769805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7827192544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.711288332939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6939551830291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.5873186588287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5527306795120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.47835224866867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.47394683957099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697649","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","level":4,"score":0.4581119418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4397372603416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43496400117874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43305543065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4326637387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.418434202671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.28134429454803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23692461848258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2109353244304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.1695334017276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1255926489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12378773093223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10297513008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3289491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2384402234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G340497417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202106470023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5231788624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1806905","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2070749268","https://openalex.org/W2126137945","https://openalex.org/W2563375543","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2990865112","https://openalex.org/W2993874623","https://openalex.org/W3012195626","https://openalex.org/W3012395922","https://openalex.org/W3015501413","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3036371163","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3086892208","https://openalex.org/W3115923692","https://openalex.org/W3116119915","https://openalex.org/W3118953734","https://openalex.org/W3120094264","https://openalex.org/W3121503016","https://openalex.org/W3126835097","https://openalex.org/W3132623131","https://openalex.org/W3132919426","https://openalex.org/W3135424183","https://openalex.org/W3136338365","https://openalex.org/W3139899023","https://openalex.org/W3156417332","https://openalex.org/W3166049171","https://openalex.org/W3166214794","https://openalex.org/W3174483751","https://openalex.org/W3180501200","https://openalex.org/W3184496427","https://openalex.org/W3194017445","https://openalex.org/W3207061624","https://openalex.org/W3208789649","https://openalex.org/W4205693892","https://openalex.org/W4206080021","https://openalex.org/W4226318951","https://openalex.org/W4285414191","https://openalex.org/W4286580157","https://openalex.org/W4300780396","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4366149103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2008274127","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4367031485","https://openalex.org/W4226221834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Symbiotic":[0],"radio":[1],"(SR)":[2],"is":[3,76,133,142],"a":[4,33,134,158,171],"promising":[5],"technology":[6],"to":[7,89,162],"support":[8],"ultralow-power":[9],"or":[10],"even":[11],"zero-power":[12],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,92,96,213],"Things":[15],"(IoT)":[16],"devices":[17,102],"in":[18,32,41,208],"the":[19,83,90,93,108,113,115,120,123,148,152,164,182,195,210,214],"sixth-generation":[20],"mobile":[21],"networks.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"article,":[25],"we":[26,156,169],"propose":[27],"an":[28,43],"energy-aware":[29],"symbiotic":[30],"transmission":[31,97],"reconfigurable":[34],"intelligent":[35],"surface":[36],"(RIS)":[37],"enhanced":[38],"SR":[39],"system,":[40],"which":[42,141],"IoT":[44,74,101],"network":[45],"embeds":[46],"its":[47],"own":[48],"data":[49],"passively":[50],"over":[51],"cellular":[52,63],"downlink":[53],"signals":[54],"by":[55,100],"backscattering.":[56],"The":[57,105,130],"base":[58],"station":[59],"(BS)":[60],"serves":[61],"multiple":[62,69],"users":[64],"(CUs)":[65],"through":[66],"time":[67,176],"division":[68,125],"access":[70],"(TDMA)":[71],"and":[72,103,122,144,150,175,186,200],"each":[73],"device":[75],"associated":[77],"with":[78,216,221],"one":[79],"CU.":[80],"We":[81,146],"formulate":[82],"BS\u2019s":[84],"energy":[85,211],"minimization":[86],"problem":[87,132,149],"subject":[88],"constraints":[91],"minimum":[94],"amounts":[95],"bits":[98],"required":[99],"CUs.":[104],"user":[106,165,198],"association,":[107],"active":[109],"transmit":[110],"beamforming":[111,118,174,202],"at":[112,119],"BS,":[114],"passive":[116],"reflecting":[117],"RIS,":[121],"frame":[124],"policy":[126],"are":[127],"jointly":[128],"optimized.":[129],"formulated":[131],"mixed":[135],"integer":[136],"nonlinear":[137],"programming":[138],"(MINLP)":[139],"problem,":[140],"NP-hard":[143],"nonconvex.":[145],"decouple":[147],"solve":[151,163],"subproblems":[153],"alternatively.":[154],"First,":[155],"design":[157],"many-to-one":[159],"swap-matching-based":[160],"algorithm":[161,179,203],"association":[166,199],"subproblem.":[167],"Then,":[168],"develop":[170],"joint":[172,197],"cooperative":[173,201],"allocation":[177],"optimization":[178,184],"based":[180],"on":[181],"alternative":[183],"(AO)":[185],"semidefinite":[187],"relaxation":[188],"(SDR)":[189],"techniques.":[190],"Simulation":[191],"results":[192],"show":[193],"that":[194],"proposed":[196],"brings":[204],"significant":[205],"performance":[206],"gain":[207],"reducing":[209],"consumption":[212],"BS":[215],"fast":[217],"convergence":[218],"speed":[219],"compared":[220],"other":[222],"schemes.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}