{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381735499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137","title":"Robust Beamforming Optimization Design for RIS-Aided MIMO Systems With Practical Phase Shift Model and Imperfect CSI","display_name":"Robust Beamforming Optimization Design for RIS-Aided MIMO Systems With Practical Phase Shift Model and Imperfect CSI","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381735499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101752410","display_name":"Meng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3483-6840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032200487","display_name":"Jiaao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061494645","display_name":"Huafu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-5611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725760","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-7478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101752410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9287714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"958","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.850838303565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574183940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7292579412460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5283525586128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.5275028944015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4631238877773285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44313228130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4376782178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4338884651660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4291139543056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38798946142196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3864932060241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.37294578552246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2390088438987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13292071223258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09113913774490356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.850838303565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574183940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7292579412460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5283525586128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5275028944015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4631238877773285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44313228130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4376782178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4338884651660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4291139543056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38798946142196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3864932060241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.37294578552246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2390088438987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13292071223258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09113913774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3288137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79131877","https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W2016910236","https://openalex.org/W2037866776","https://openalex.org/W2042172691","https://openalex.org/W2097394965","https://openalex.org/W2100556411","https://openalex.org/W2159684965","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2962853966","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W2997665500","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3012127008","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3027460437","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3094357447","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3107731108","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3121243975","https://openalex.org/W3126945284","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3132919426","https://openalex.org/W3134105517","https://openalex.org/W3149825481","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3193353357","https://openalex.org/W3201758153","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3216434095","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4250658187","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4319654289","https://openalex.org/W4387870825","https://openalex.org/W6603171186","https://openalex.org/W6846597614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W4220680272","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W2982570613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,235],"ideal":[1],"phase":[2,60],"shift":[3],"model":[4,102,108],"and":[5,65,80,104],"the":[6,31,49,55,63,69,82,93,99,105,114,121,127,131,145,155,162,167,174,180,186,192,196,200,207,210,218,222,225,229,249],"acquisition":[7],"of":[8,34,57,68,87,130,195,206,213,252],"channel":[9],"state":[10],"information":[11],"(CSI)":[12],"are":[13,171,183],"practically":[14],"difficult":[15],"to":[16,91,241],"realize":[17],"in":[18,48,54,189,244],"reconfigurable":[19],"intelligent":[20],"surface":[21],"(RIS)":[22],"assisted":[23],"communication":[24,52,246],"systems.":[25],"Therefore,":[26,221],"these":[27],"have":[28],"greatly":[29],"troubled":[30],"beamforming":[32,45],"design":[33,46],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[35],"(MIMO)":[36],"systems":[37],"via":[38],"RIS.":[39],"This":[40],"article":[41],"presents":[42],"a":[43,239],"robust":[44],"framework":[47,79],"RIS-enhanced":[50],"MIMO":[51],"networks":[53],"presence":[56],"considering":[58],"practical":[59],"shifts":[61],"for":[62,120],"RIS":[64],"imperfect":[66],"CSI":[67],"cascade":[70],"channels.":[71],"More":[72],"specifically,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"an":[76],"alternative":[77],"optimization":[78],"adopt":[81],"distributed":[83],"alternating":[84],"direction":[85],"method":[86,90,188,198],"multipliers":[88],"(ADMMs)":[89],"solve":[92],"sum-rate":[94],"maximization":[95],"problem":[96],"by":[97,232],"combining":[98],"true":[100],"environment":[101,107],"(TEM)":[103],"mismatch":[106],"(MEM)":[109],"with":[110,134,199,217],"beamforming.":[111],"In":[112],"particular,":[113],"proposed":[115,236],"scheme":[116,133],"is":[117,139,164,202,215],"also":[118],"used":[119],"MEM":[122,135],"scenario.":[123],"It":[124],"shows":[125],"that":[126],"sum":[128,193],"rate":[129,194],"ADMM":[132],"under":[136],"low":[137],"SNR":[138,163],"about":[140],"3":[141],"bps/Hz":[142,152],"more":[143,153],"than":[144,154,173,185],"barrier":[146],"function":[147],"penalty":[148],"method,":[149],"approximately":[150,203],"6":[151],"accelerated":[156],"projected":[157],"gradient":[158],"method.":[159,178],"Next,":[160],"when":[161],"5":[165],"dB,":[166],"above":[168,181],"three":[169],"schemes":[170],"greater":[172],"semidefinite":[175],"relaxation":[176],"(SDR)":[177],"But,":[179],"methods":[182],"smaller":[184],"SDR":[187,197],"MEM.":[190],"Then,":[191],"TEM":[201],"1.6":[204],"times":[205],"MEM,":[208],"while":[209],"CPU":[211],"time":[212],"both":[214],"consistent":[216],"computational":[219],"complexity.":[220],"differences":[223],"between":[224],"two":[226],"models":[227],"affect":[228],"performance":[230],"achieved":[231],"different":[233],"methods.":[234],"approach":[237],"sheds":[238],"light":[240],"engineers":[242],"working":[243],"wireless":[245,254],"on":[247],"enhancing":[248],"transmission":[250],"robustness":[251],"existing":[253],"networks.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
