{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381198682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316","title":"PartialHD: Toward Efficient Hyperdimensional Computing by Partial Processing","display_name":"PartialHD: Toward Efficient Hyperdimensional Computing by Partial Processing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381198682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089147364","display_name":"Farhad Taheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Taheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068904826","display_name":"Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-2505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-2505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092204821","display_name":"Hamed Rastaghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Rastaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.485,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62765482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"987","last_page":"994"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8189172744750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7621105909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6585311889648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6101252436637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6032961010932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46655482053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4643101692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44494935870170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40581846237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3641747236251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2823669910430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2752317190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19904571771621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08796253800392151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8189172744750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7621105909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6585311889648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6101252436637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6032961010932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46655482053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4643101692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44494935870170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40581846237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3641747236251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2823669910430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2752317190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19904571771621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08796253800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3287316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2112739286","https://openalex.org/W2155007355","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2809429070","https://openalex.org/W2908729710","https://openalex.org/W2910334812","https://openalex.org/W2915418849","https://openalex.org/W2943798647","https://openalex.org/W2945276917","https://openalex.org/W2951498229","https://openalex.org/W2962967667","https://openalex.org/W2963373106","https://openalex.org/W2971739303","https://openalex.org/W2990838824","https://openalex.org/W2993412634","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3021560762","https://openalex.org/W3083860807","https://openalex.org/W3092127391","https://openalex.org/W3105115497","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3155563699","https://openalex.org/W3158860039","https://openalex.org/W4205481005","https://openalex.org/W4285821279","https://openalex.org/W6605479355","https://openalex.org/W6682849425","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2076915000","https://openalex.org/W1966837078","https://openalex.org/W2078379271","https://openalex.org/W2043460294","https://openalex.org/W4210712718","https://openalex.org/W1905398909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperdimensional":[0],"(HD)":[1],"computing":[2,28,71,180],"is":[3,9],"a":[4,66,77,112],"brain-inspired":[5],"learning":[6],"method":[7,67,75,94,105,132],"that":[8,130,173],"widely":[10],"employed":[11],"in":[12,32,106,124,147],"resource-constrained":[13,182],"applications,":[14,35],"such":[15,184],"as":[16,185],"the":[17,33,43,56,90,107,120,140,174,188,202],"Internet":[18],"of":[19,58,139],"Things":[20],"(IoT)":[21],"regarding":[22],"its":[23],"lightweight":[24,175,203],"computation.":[25],"Although":[26],"HD":[27,59,70,179],"has":[29,191],"high":[30,39],"efficiency":[31,57],"IoT":[34],"it":[36],"suffers":[37],"from":[38],"computation":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,52,68,98],"large":[44],"vector":[45,87,164],"size.":[46],"Thus,":[47],"several":[48],"studies":[49],"are":[50],"proposed":[51,104],"speedup":[53],"and":[54,84,109,117,137,149,159],"increase":[55],"computing.":[60],"In":[61,89],"this":[62,93,118],"work,":[63],"we":[64,153],"propose":[65,154],"process":[69],"called":[72],"PartialHD.":[73],"Our":[74],"divides":[76],"long":[78],"hypervector":[79],"into":[80],"multiple":[81],"partial":[82,114,163],"vectors":[83,115],"processes":[85,133],"each":[86],"separately.":[88],"retraining":[91,108],"phase,":[92],"improves":[95],"accuracy":[96,145],"up":[97],"1.93%.":[99],"Moreover,":[100],"by":[101],"employing":[102],"our":[103,131],"inference,":[110],"only":[111],"few":[113],"participate":[116],"causes":[119],"computational":[121],"overhead":[122],"reduces":[123],"these":[125],"phases.":[126],"The":[127,170],"evaluation":[128],"shows":[129,172],"on":[134,166,181],"average":[135],"22.2%":[136],"36.23%":[138],"entire":[141],"hypervectors":[142],"with":[143],"negligible":[144],"loss":[146],"inference":[148],"retraining,":[150],"respectively.":[151],"Furthermore,":[152],"two":[155],"general":[156],"architectures":[157],"(lightweight":[158],"high-speed),":[160],"which":[161],"accelerate":[162,178],"computations":[165],"different":[167],"FPGA":[168],"platforms.":[169],"result":[171],"architecture":[176,190],"can":[177],"FPGAs":[183],"Artix":[186],"while":[187],"high-speed":[189],"<inline-formula":[192],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[194],"<tex-math":[195],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$4.72\\times":[196],"$":[197],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[198],"higher":[199],"throughput":[200],"than":[201],"architecture.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
