{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380303830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216","title":"IRS-Assisted Anti-Jamming Transmission for an Integrated Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Network With Imperfect CSI: A Game-Based Perspective","display_name":"IRS-Assisted Anti-Jamming Transmission for an Integrated Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Network With Imperfect CSI: A Game-Based Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380303830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030638357","display_name":"Chengjian Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-406X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengjian Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101874430","display_name":"Kui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074781573","display_name":"Xiaochen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-4655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-4655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068754399","display_name":"Guojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-1270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-1270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083864182","display_name":"Chunguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-7226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-7226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783810","display_name":"Yurong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-8551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118317","display_name":"81th Hospital of PLA","ror":"https://ror.org/02xxx6w64","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yurong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit 31155 of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-8551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit 31155 of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101484759","display_name":"Wei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-6499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783262","display_name":"Xiaoqin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101914812","display_name":"Yue Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-7735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000209938","display_name":"Liang Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-9575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118317","display_name":"81th Hospital of PLA","ror":"https://ror.org/02xxx6w64","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit 31155 of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit 31155 of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030638357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92357597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"23","first_page":"20484","last_page":"20497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298907041549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.6481016874313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.5664998888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5332868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5075610876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4808843433856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.47556036710739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4706990718841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42012345790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10706782341003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08570590615272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298907041549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.6481016874313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.5664998888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5332868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5075610876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4808843433856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.47556036710739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4706990718841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42012345790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10706782341003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08570590615272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3285216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1341799265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK 20201334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3642281354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5110295511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK 20200579","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6124203058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577109895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8952736723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651728063","https://openalex.org/W2036672508","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2047399268","https://openalex.org/W2082276212","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2122311135","https://openalex.org/W2156288624","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2344679803","https://openalex.org/W2566316543","https://openalex.org/W2729697725","https://openalex.org/W2796965548","https://openalex.org/W2800252416","https://openalex.org/W2809298244","https://openalex.org/W2890355388","https://openalex.org/W2894640237","https://openalex.org/W2910220322","https://openalex.org/W2919170647","https://openalex.org/W2920904484","https://openalex.org/W2944825971","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2988558204","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3003551566","https://openalex.org/W3004018467","https://openalex.org/W3030403925","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3048090405","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3108863254","https://openalex.org/W3128067055","https://openalex.org/W3133772983","https://openalex.org/W3134980136","https://openalex.org/W3151541370","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3158536576","https://openalex.org/W3166197415","https://openalex.org/W3167006714","https://openalex.org/W3169143203","https://openalex.org/W3195542062","https://openalex.org/W3199075159","https://openalex.org/W3206775518","https://openalex.org/W3210007685","https://openalex.org/W4205859493","https://openalex.org/W4206626176","https://openalex.org/W4214874129","https://openalex.org/W4214923099","https://openalex.org/W4226032790","https://openalex.org/W4285194621","https://openalex.org/W4286567167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374250903","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W4312547492","https://openalex.org/W3197729047","https://openalex.org/W3016692377","https://openalex.org/W1624160917","https://openalex.org/W2370486284","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,87],"article,":[2],"an":[3,180],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)-assisted":[7],"integrated":[8],"satellite-unmanned":[9],"aerial":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(UAV)-terrestrial":[12],"(SUT)":[13],"Internet":[14],"of":[15,91,133,149,158,233],"Things":[16],"(IoT)":[17],"network":[18],"faced":[19],"with":[20,155,240],"a":[21,35,83,116,124,231],"smart":[22],"jammer":[23,68],"under":[24],"imperfect":[25,101],"channel":[26],"state":[27],"information":[28],"(CSI)":[29],"conditions":[30],"is":[31,96,129],"considered.":[32],"We":[33,178],"propose":[34,179],"Stackelberg":[36],"game":[37],"model":[38],"to":[39,70,98,114,143,199],"describe":[40],"the":[41,45,51,57,60,64,67,72,78,89,100,105,109,120,134,138,145,150,156,160,167,174,186,189,202,215,226,246],"adversarial":[42],"relationship":[43],"between":[44],"satellite,":[46,151],"UAV,":[47],"and":[48,50,59,108,153,193,210,223],"IRS":[49,211],"jammer,":[52],"which":[53,185],"are":[54,112,197,218],"modeled":[55],"as":[56],"leader":[58,139],"follower,":[61],"respectively.":[62],"For":[63,137],"follower":[65],"subgame,":[66,140],"aims":[69],"minimize":[71],"jamming":[73,79,126],"power":[74,127,237],"while":[75,164],"guaranteeing":[76,165],"that":[77,166],"energy":[80],"efficiency":[81],"surpasses":[82,173],"certain":[84],"threshold.":[85,177],"Under":[86],"setup,":[88],"Angle":[90],"Arrival":[92],"(AoA)-based":[93],"discretization":[94,191],"method":[95,107],"utilized":[97],"address":[99],"CSI":[102],"issue.":[103],"Then,":[104],"use-and-then-forget":[106],"Lagrangian":[110],"function":[111],"employed":[113,198],"obtain":[115,201],"closed-form":[117],"expression":[118],"for":[119],"jammer\u2019s":[121],"power.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"feasible":[125],"solution":[128],"obtained":[130],"by":[131],"means":[132],"Cauchy\u2013Schwarz":[135,187],"inequality.":[136],"we":[141],"aim":[142],"optimize":[144],"hybrid":[146],"beamforming":[147,205,208,228],"design":[148],"UAV":[152,207],"IRS,":[154],"goal":[157],"minimizing":[159],"total":[161],"transmit":[162],"power,":[163],"downlink":[168],"received":[169],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[170],"ratio":[171],"(SINR)":[172],"minimum":[175],"communication":[176],"alternating":[181],"optimization":[182],"scheme,":[183],"in":[184,235],"inequality,":[188],"AoA-based":[190],"method,":[192],"nonsmooth":[194],"penalty":[195],"functions":[196],"alternately":[200],"optimal":[203],"satellite":[204],"vector,":[206],"vector":[209],"phase":[212],"matrix":[213],"when":[214,244],"other":[216,241],"variables":[217],"fixed.":[219],"Through":[220],"our":[221],"analytical":[222],"numerical":[224],"results,":[225],"proposed":[227],"scheme":[229],"achieves":[230],"reduction":[232],"16.9%":[234],"average":[236],"consumption":[238],"compared":[239],"benchmark":[242],"schemes":[243],"obtaining":[245],"same":[247],"anti-jamming":[248],"performance.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}