{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377971248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615","title":"A Collaborative Stealthy DDoS Detection Method Based on Reinforcement Learning at the Edge of Internet of Things","display_name":"A Collaborative Stealthy DDoS Detection Method Based on Reinforcement Learning at the Edge of Internet of Things","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377971248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009762","display_name":"Yuming Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085221201","display_name":"Weizhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-876X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044797586","display_name":"Shujun Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017871239","display_name":"Hao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-0860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666554","display_name":"Yang Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092009079","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-6147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102009762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I4210136793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93275318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"20","first_page":"17934","last_page":"17948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8823680281639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8227237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8116346597671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7947406768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.524332582950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4759212136268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4510974586009979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44467687606811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44358912110328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4415246248245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4294847548007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41710013151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4100349247455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.40499961376190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.40140479803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3689688444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3593465983867645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1262698471546173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09916114807128906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8823680281639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8227237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8116346597671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7947406768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.524332582950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4759212136268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4510974586009979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44467687606811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44358912110328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4415246248245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4294847548007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41710013151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4100349247455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.40499961376190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.40140479803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3689688444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3593465983867645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1262698471546173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09916114807128906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3279615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6942397256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HIT.OCEF.2021007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G752701465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119227347","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2748868501","https://openalex.org/W2784241349","https://openalex.org/W2797742547","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2901508923","https://openalex.org/W2903294440","https://openalex.org/W2967896450","https://openalex.org/W3003377235","https://openalex.org/W3006144347","https://openalex.org/W3024476475","https://openalex.org/W3036144449","https://openalex.org/W3039439473","https://openalex.org/W3105750153","https://openalex.org/W3114263020","https://openalex.org/W3120598853","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3154108917","https://openalex.org/W3159151987","https://openalex.org/W3170494183","https://openalex.org/W3191209831","https://openalex.org/W3205144107","https://openalex.org/W4286565524","https://openalex.org/W4318969843","https://openalex.org/W6743493502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3214037210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,209],"weaknesses":[1],"of":[2,4,33,44,72,129,152,167],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"devices":[7],"leads":[8],"to":[9,18,111,123,147,182,202],"vulnerabilities":[10],"easily,":[11],"which":[12,158,190],"can":[13,159,231],"be":[14],"exploited":[15],"by":[16,114],"criminals":[17],"launch":[19],"Distributed":[20],"Denial-of-Service":[21],"(DDoS)":[22],"attacks,":[23],"becoming":[24],"a":[25,86,96,172,192],"major":[26],"security":[27],"hazard.":[28],"Nowadays,":[29],"the":[30,34,37,42,57,69,105,126,130,135,144,149,153,179,184,198,205],"rapid":[31],"development":[32],"IoT":[35,73,108,131,168],"makes":[36],"IoT-based":[38,235],"DDoS":[39,58,91,236],"attacks":[40,237],"have":[41],"characteristics":[43],"wide":[45],"distribution,":[46],"large":[47],"scale,":[48],"and":[49,79,94,187,215,228],"more":[50,80],"stealthy":[51,234],"that":[52,220],"brings":[53],"greater":[54],"challenges":[55],"for":[56,74,164,197],"detection.":[59],"In":[60,121,170],"this":[61],"article,":[62],"we":[63,133],"conduct":[64],"our":[65,221],"research":[66],"based":[67,100],"on":[68,101,143,211],"edge":[70,109,145,180],"side":[71],"providing":[75],"earlier":[76],"detection":[77,92,162,226],"capability":[78],"efficient":[81],"resource":[82],"utilization.":[83],"We":[84,103],"propose":[85],"novel":[87],"reinforcement":[88,139,199],"learning-based":[89],"collaborative":[90,173,194,206],"method":[93,223],"design":[95],"lightweight":[97],"unsupervised":[98,155],"classifier":[99,156],"statistics.":[102],"deploy":[104],"classifiers":[106],"in":[107,119,178],"gateways":[110],"detect":[112],"anomalies":[113],"analyzing":[115],"network":[116],"traffic":[117],"features":[118],"time.":[120],"order":[122],"deal":[124],"with":[125],"dynamic":[127],"changes":[128],"environment,":[132],"use":[134],"soft":[136],"actor\u2013critic":[137],"(SAC)":[138],"learning":[140,200],"model":[141,201],"deployed":[142],"server":[146,181],"adjust":[148],"parameter":[150],"configuration":[151],"underlying":[154],"dynamically,":[157],"ensure":[160],"excellent":[161,225],"effect":[163],"different":[165],"types":[166],"devices.":[169],"addition,":[171],"aggregation":[174],"module":[175],"is":[176],"designed":[177],"share":[183],"observation":[185],"state":[186],"historical":[188],"experience,":[189],"has":[191,224],"unique":[193],"reward":[195],"mechanism":[196],"fully":[203],"mobilize":[204],"work":[207],"capability.":[208],"experiments":[210],"public":[212],"data":[213],"set":[214],"constructed":[216],"real-world":[217],"testbed":[218],"demonstrate":[219],"proposed":[222],"performance":[227],"especially":[229],"it":[230],"also":[232],"discover":[233],"accurately.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}