{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381832497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","title":"Toward Extra Large-Scale MIMO: New Channel Properties and Low-Cost Designs","display_name":"Toward Extra Large-Scale MIMO: New Channel Properties and Low-Cost Designs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381832497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10117500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10117500.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688274","display_name":"Yu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035876091","display_name":"Michail Matthaiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Matthaiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024436944","display_name":"Chao-Kai Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-232X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Kai Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100688274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98036719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"16","first_page":"14569","last_page":"14594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6945887804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6710111498832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4672410786151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4510393440723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.42692556977272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.41926708817481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3654332756996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34964704513549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09168154001235962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6945887804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6710111498832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4672410786151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4510393440723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.42692556977272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.41926708817481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3654332756996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34964704513549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09168154001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10117500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/6e29dd28-f697-4243-91d6-500bd9a08397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/6e29dd28-f697-4243-91d6-500bd9a08397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Han, Y, Jin, S, Matthaiou, M, Quek, T Q S & Wen, C-K 2023, 'Towards extra large-scale MIMO: new channel properties and low-cost designs', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 14569-14594. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3273328","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3273328","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/6702522/10117500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003364742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2779038269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101001331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3034753964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3847516997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101001331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956428346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 research and innovatio","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5033343354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61921004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5036817778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innov","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7672047284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants 62261160576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8633428685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovat","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8990715105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62341107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316531","display_name":"Department for the Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/0161w0r98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325256","display_name":"Info-communications Media Development Authority","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381832497.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381832497.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1998138227","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2015161865","https://openalex.org/W2038329885","https://openalex.org/W2044075512","https://openalex.org/W2045840914","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2062874479","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2072079297","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2087410634","https://openalex.org/W2087998432","https://openalex.org/W2099647334","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2107970208","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2124164696","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2128865660","https://openalex.org/W2136188967","https://openalex.org/W2141974809","https://openalex.org/W2169693117","https://openalex.org/W2195255315","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2343670905","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2736115624","https://openalex.org/W2885013728","https://openalex.org/W2895542254","https://openalex.org/W2898041937","https://openalex.org/W2901268226","https://openalex.org/W2911927928","https://openalex.org/W2948231597","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2997786076","https://openalex.org/W3004228379","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3010384738","https://openalex.org/W3010896213","https://openalex.org/W3022427039","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3034737405","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045320743","https://openalex.org/W3045692544","https://openalex.org/W3072069827","https://openalex.org/W3084857938","https://openalex.org/W3091365446","https://openalex.org/W3098290937","https://openalex.org/W3099197978","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3103578910","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3110647568","https://openalex.org/W3118514023","https://openalex.org/W3133599482","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3150601135","https://openalex.org/W3162932090","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3165860861","https://openalex.org/W3170396585","https://openalex.org/W3172584336","https://openalex.org/W3185270756","https://openalex.org/W3188236023","https://openalex.org/W3192787793","https://openalex.org/W3192857289","https://openalex.org/W3194762097","https://openalex.org/W3201586633","https://openalex.org/W3202446995","https://openalex.org/W3202884586","https://openalex.org/W3203882385","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3206094445","https://openalex.org/W3206709442","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W3209253255","https://openalex.org/W3211742396","https://openalex.org/W3213225772","https://openalex.org/W3215644076","https://openalex.org/W4212943924","https://openalex.org/W4213086830","https://openalex.org/W4214947556","https://openalex.org/W4221155763","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4290996583","https://openalex.org/W4293057548","https://openalex.org/W4293095078","https://openalex.org/W4293095171","https://openalex.org/W4295791172","https://openalex.org/W4320029362","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W6773581432","https://openalex.org/W6797356455","https://openalex.org/W6801588022","https://openalex.org/W6802165756","https://openalex.org/W6843294703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W2935871810","https://openalex.org/W1993205288","https://openalex.org/W2489379490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extra":[0],"large-scale":[1,31,122,183],"multiple-input":[2],"multiple-output":[3],"(MIMO)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"recognized":[7],"as":[8,49,51,55,155,157],"one":[9],"of":[10,15,68,71,78,129,150,177,227],"the":[11,27,36,66,69,72,76,79,85,120,127,134,142,148,158,170,173,195,204,212],"potential":[12],"development":[13],"directions":[14],"massive":[16,24,96,109],"MIMO.":[17],"By":[18],"employing":[19],"even":[20],"more":[21],"antennas":[22,130],"than":[23],"MIMO":[25,32,110,123,184],"in":[26,59,94],"fifth-generation":[28],"era,":[29],"extra":[30,121,182],"can":[33],"further":[34],"exploit":[35],"spatial":[37],"domain":[38],"resources":[39],"and":[40,57,75,84,153,178,199,210,218],"enable":[41],"ultra":[42],"high":[43,143],"data":[44],"rates,":[45],"low":[46],"latency":[47],"communications":[48],"well":[50,156],"emerging":[52],"applications,":[53],"such":[54],"sensing":[56],"localization,":[58],"sixth-generation":[60],"mobile":[61],"communication":[62],"systems.":[63,185],"However,":[64],"with":[65],"increase":[67],"size":[70],"antenna":[73],"array,":[74,86],"decrease":[77],"distance":[80],"between":[81],"a":[82,167,189,223],"user":[83],"new":[87,174,196],"channel":[88,175],"properties,":[89],"that":[90],"did":[91],"not":[92,140],"manifest":[93],"conventional":[95],"MIMO,":[97],"start":[98],"to":[99,108,118,139,192],"kick":[100],"in.":[101],"Most":[102],"importantly,":[103],"existing":[104],"research":[105],"strategies":[106],"pertaining":[107],"cannot":[111],"be":[112],"directly":[113],"applied":[114],"or":[115],"simply":[116],"extended":[117],"fit":[119],"case.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"increasing":[126],"number":[128],"will":[131],"inevitably":[132],"boost":[133],"total":[135],"cost,":[136,145],"which":[137],"refers":[138],"only":[141],"hardware":[144],"but":[146],"also":[147],"burden":[149],"vast":[151],"processing":[152],"computations":[154],"substantial":[159],"training":[160],"overhead.":[161],"In":[162],"this":[163],"paper,":[164],"we":[165,187,208],"make":[166],"survey":[168],"on":[169,172],"state-of-the-art":[171],"properties":[176],"low-cost":[179,213],"designs":[180,214],"for":[181],"Particularly,":[186],"pursue":[188],"mathematical":[190],"analysis":[191],"explain":[193],"why":[194],"features":[197],"appear":[198],"illustrate":[200],"how":[201],"they":[202],"affect":[203],"system":[205],"model.":[206],"Furthermore,":[207],"summarize":[209],"compare":[211],"from":[215,222],"various":[216],"perspectives":[217],"give":[219],"our":[220],"suggestions":[221],"practical":[224],"deployment":[225],"point":[226],"view.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
