{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362683524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012","title":"Dynamic Inference From IoT Traffic Flows Under Concept Drifts in Residential ISP Networks","display_name":"Dynamic Inference From IoT Traffic Flows Under Concept Drifts in Residential ISP Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362683524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088816698","display_name":"Arman Pashamokhtari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-5061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arman Pashamokhtari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-5061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021367845","display_name":"Norihiro Okui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0699-4816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norihiro Okui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112283259","display_name":"Masataka Nakahara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masataka Nakahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006183398","display_name":"Ayumu Kubota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9146-6102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayumu Kubota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Lab, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029634834","display_name":"Gustavo Batista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Batista","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-8442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030677680","display_name":"Hassan Habibi Gharakheili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Habibi Gharakheili","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80512774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"17","first_page":"15761","last_page":"15773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8364609479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.798564612865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7825816869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5486071109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5081405639648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3866352140903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3719777464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36433839797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3228622078895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15940260887145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14035499095916748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8364609479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.798564612865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7825816869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5486071109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5081405639648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3866352140903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3719777464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36433839797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3228622078895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15940260887145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14035499095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3265012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3487859","https://openalex.org/W1487223642","https://openalex.org/W1525647652","https://openalex.org/W1529840045","https://openalex.org/W1537984764","https://openalex.org/W1549464061","https://openalex.org/W1566319450","https://openalex.org/W1585854823","https://openalex.org/W1698314624","https://openalex.org/W1965395441","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W2005267105","https://openalex.org/W2010657328","https://openalex.org/W2030680965","https://openalex.org/W2032938251","https://openalex.org/W2046689939","https://openalex.org/W2073518255","https://openalex.org/W2082168306","https://openalex.org/W2134125037","https://openalex.org/W2140164381","https://openalex.org/W2143991132","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2151225423","https://openalex.org/W2167845177","https://openalex.org/W2238599277","https://openalex.org/W2397052757","https://openalex.org/W2555535622","https://openalex.org/W2574448563","https://openalex.org/W2587703207","https://openalex.org/W2621148797","https://openalex.org/W2626498001","https://openalex.org/W2809060865","https://openalex.org/W2810906496","https://openalex.org/W2887149310","https://openalex.org/W2887792592","https://openalex.org/W2888096149","https://openalex.org/W2888505697","https://openalex.org/W2891560655","https://openalex.org/W2895909303","https://openalex.org/W2898017895","https://openalex.org/W2920267096","https://openalex.org/W2921669466","https://openalex.org/W2950767885","https://openalex.org/W2968383486","https://openalex.org/W3005444580","https://openalex.org/W3008916115","https://openalex.org/W3015181824","https://openalex.org/W3027313259","https://openalex.org/W3027485588","https://openalex.org/W3034611465","https://openalex.org/W3043781642","https://openalex.org/W3093697207","https://openalex.org/W3129726290","https://openalex.org/W3197507133","https://openalex.org/W3203798886","https://openalex.org/W4213035102","https://openalex.org/W4253930552","https://openalex.org/W4285407663","https://openalex.org/W4287074685","https://openalex.org/W4288080331","https://openalex.org/W4288278783","https://openalex.org/W4312963591","https://openalex.org/W6600140087","https://openalex.org/W6730507774","https://openalex.org/W6732005117","https://openalex.org/W6760489753","https://openalex.org/W6766925038","https://openalex.org/W6767139982","https://openalex.org/W6799282780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2302028273","https://openalex.org/W1525643724","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2067938758","https://openalex.org/W2382623646","https://openalex.org/W3087771547","https://openalex.org/W2333420780","https://openalex.org/W2375199418","https://openalex.org/W4306674287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millions":[0],"of":[1,44,58,71,81,89,115,118,133,142,158,172,197,221,234,264,277],"vulnerable":[2,45],"consumer":[3,119],"IoT":[4,37,120,143],"devices":[5,38,121],"in":[6,139,194,231],"home":[7,59],"networks":[8,60],"are":[9,27,101,239],"the":[10,69,87,131,156,187,195,212,225,237,242,258,278],"enabler":[11],"for":[12,241],"cyber":[13],"crimes":[14],"putting":[15],"user":[16],"privacy":[17],"and":[18,41,73,86,94,106,135,149,179,249,270],"Internet":[19,23],"security":[20],"at":[21],"risk.":[22],"service":[24],"providers":[25],"(ISPs)":[26],"best":[28,259],"poised":[29],"to":[30,129,201,218,255],"mitigate":[31],"risks":[32],"by":[33],"automatically":[34,256],"inferring":[35],"active":[36],"per":[39],"household":[40],"notifying":[42],"users":[43],"ones.":[46],"Developing":[47],"a":[48,62,169,191,207,216,232,253],"scalable":[49],"inference":[50,76,160,164,181],"method":[51,208,254],"that":[52,209,272],"can":[53,274],"perform":[54],"robustly":[55],"across":[56,92],"thousands":[57],"is":[61,84],"nontrivial":[63],"task.":[64],"This":[65],"article":[66],"focuses":[67],"on":[68,168,186],"challenges":[70],"developing":[72],"applying":[74],"data-driven":[75],"models":[77,183],"when":[78,236],"labeled":[79,174,188],"data":[80,90,175,189,244,266],"device":[82],"behaviors":[83,141],"limited":[85],"distribution":[88],"changes":[91],"time":[93],"space":[95],"domains":[96],"(concept":[97],"drifts).":[98],"Our":[99],"contributions":[100],"fourfold:":[102],"1)":[103],"we":[104,154,205,251],"collect":[105],"analyze":[107,155],"more":[108],"than":[109],"six":[110,127],"million":[111],"network":[112,140,219],"traffic":[113,220],"flows":[114],"24":[116],"types":[117],"from":[122,176,190],"12":[123],"real":[124],"homes":[125,223],"over":[126],"weeks":[128],"highlight":[130],"challenge":[132],"temporal":[134],"spatial":[136],"concept":[137,198,203],"drifts":[138],"devices\u2014we":[144],"publicly":[145],"release":[146],"our":[147],"training":[148,177,192],"testing":[150,226,243],"instances":[151],"data;":[152],"2)":[153],"performance":[157,230],"two":[159],"strategies,":[161],"namely":[162],"global":[163],"(a":[165,267],"model":[166,214,260],"trained":[167,185],"combined":[170],"set":[171],"all":[173],"homes)":[178],"contextualized":[180],"(several":[182],"each":[184],"home)":[193],"presence":[196],"drifts;":[199],"3)":[200],"manage":[202],"drifts,":[204],"develop":[206,252],"dynamically":[210],"applies":[211],"\u201cbest\u201d":[213],"(from":[215],"set)":[217],"unseen":[222,265],"during":[224],"phase,":[227],"yielding":[228],"better":[229],"fifth":[233],"scenarios":[235],"labels":[238,263],"available":[240],"(ideal":[245],"but":[246],"unrealistic":[247],"settings);":[248],"4)":[250],"select":[257],"without":[261],"needing":[262],"realistic":[268],"inference)":[269],"show":[271],"it":[273],"achieve":[275],"94%":[276],"ideal":[279],"model\u2019s":[280],"accuracy.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}