{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362513798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976","title":"Technical and Ecological Limits of 2.45-GHz Wireless Power Transfer for Battery-Less Sensors","display_name":"Technical and Ecological Limits of 2.45-GHz Wireless Power Transfer for Battery-Less Sensors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362513798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/274301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000840023","display_name":"Marco Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-973X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396269","display_name":"Pengcheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-0989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017854876","display_name":"R\u00e9mi Dekimpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00e9mi Dekimpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036008828","display_name":"Maxime Schramme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Schramme","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110781089","display_name":"Ivan Stupia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Stupia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069901206","display_name":"Thibault Pirson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thibault Pirson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065138463","display_name":"David Bol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bol","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000840023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88247918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"17","first_page":"15431","last_page":"15442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.6651922464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.648818850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.5680664777755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5631890892982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5112242698669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4982786178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44294169545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43244558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36130666732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29082781076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2701401710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0793847143650055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.6651922464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.648818850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.5680664777755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5631890892982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5112242698669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4982786178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44294169545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43244558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36130666732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29082781076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2701401710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0793847143650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3263976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:274301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/274301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 10, no. 17, p. 15431-15442 (2023)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/506368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/506368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:274301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/274301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 10, no. 17, p. 15431-15442 (2023)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978573282","https://openalex.org/W2017702066","https://openalex.org/W2058705882","https://openalex.org/W2594049032","https://openalex.org/W2626814575","https://openalex.org/W2741423072","https://openalex.org/W2906623207","https://openalex.org/W2930659698","https://openalex.org/W2948763686","https://openalex.org/W2981627147","https://openalex.org/W2992423661","https://openalex.org/W3000290725","https://openalex.org/W3015927058","https://openalex.org/W3129110227","https://openalex.org/W3134490963","https://openalex.org/W3201181818","https://openalex.org/W3209896668","https://openalex.org/W4225987063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W3003342735","https://openalex.org/W4361281643","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2236924022","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2996994402","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2516936060","https://openalex.org/W3003307790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"power":[1,52,100,110,142,147],"transfer":[2,101,148],"(WPT)":[3],"is":[4,15,42,93],"a":[5,54,67,94,107,115,159,186],"possible":[6],"alternative":[7,191],"to":[8,75,80,196,230],"batteries":[9],"for":[10,113,120,185],"supplying":[11,114],"smart":[12,129,216],"sensors.":[13],"It":[14],"often":[16],"described":[17],"as":[18],"\u201cgreener\"":[19],"because":[20],"it":[21,74,83],"avoids":[22],"the":[23,32,36,46,128,140,164,189,207,212,221],"use":[24,222],"of":[25,35,39,49,57,127,150,163,209,214,223],"batteries.":[26],"However,":[27],"this":[28,60],"claim":[29],"usually":[30],"lacks":[31],"proper":[33],"assessment":[34,161],"environmental":[37,165,199],"impacts":[38,166,200],"WPT":[40,70,91,190],"and":[41,64,72,99,106,179,218],"particularly":[43],"questionable":[44],"given":[45],"poor":[47],"efficiency":[48,149],"wirelessly":[50],"transmitting":[51],"over":[53],"few":[55],"meters":[56],"distance.":[58],"In":[59],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"design":[63,213],"thoroughly":[65],"optimize":[66],"complete":[68],"state-of-the-art":[69],"system":[71,92,103],"compare":[73],"an":[76,86,145],"equivalent":[77],"battery-powered":[78,203,234],"solution":[79],"assess":[81],"whether":[82],"effectively":[84],"represents":[85],"eco-friendly":[87],"alternative.":[88],"The":[89,124],"proposed":[90],"2.45-GHz":[95],"simultaneous":[96],"wireless":[97],"information":[98],"(SWIPT)":[102],"with":[104,144],"beamforming":[105],"high":[108],"peak-to-average":[109],"ratio":[111],"waveform":[112],"battery-less":[116],"passive":[117],"infrared":[118],"sensor":[119,130],"room":[121],"occupancy":[122],"tracking.":[123],"final":[125],"prototype":[126],"consumes":[131],"4and":[132],"can":[133,152],"operate":[134],"in":[135],"steady":[136],"state":[137],"at":[138,154,193],"5from":[139],"remote":[141],"head":[143],"overall":[146],"17/and":[151],"cold-start":[153],"3.5.":[155],"We":[156],"carry":[157],"out":[158],"life-cycle":[160],"(LCA)":[162],"through":[167],"four":[168],"indicators,":[169],"i.e.,":[170],"primary":[171],"energy":[172],"demand,":[173],"global":[174],"warming":[175],"potential,":[176],"terrestrial":[177],"ecotoxicity,":[178],"freshwater":[180],"consumption.":[181],"Results":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184,220],"10-year":[187],"lifetime,":[188],"has":[192],"least":[194],"5.5":[195],"10.3\u00d7":[197],"higher":[198],"than":[201],"its":[202],"equivalent.":[204],"This":[205],"demonstrates":[206],"importance":[208],"LCA":[210],"during":[211],"IoT":[215],"sensors":[217],"shows":[219],"meter-range":[224],"2.45\u00af/GHz":[225],"SWIPT":[226],"should":[227],"be":[228,237],"limited":[229],"applications":[231],"where":[232],"conventional":[233],"systems":[235],"cannot":[236],"used.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-04-06T00:00:00"}