{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321483861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162","title":"Automatic Modulation Classification via Meta-Learning","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Classification via Meta-Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321483861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035603089","display_name":"Xiaoyang Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-841X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-841X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053487344","display_name":"Zhixi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-9180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-9180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764373","display_name":"Shuyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-5737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340936","display_name":"Min Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-1662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9898178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"14","first_page":"12276","last_page":"12292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9241999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8468746542930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5483881831169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4810067117214203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47904860973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4515692889690399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.45001477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4416697323322296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.440315306186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4166012406349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3717574179172516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8468746542930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5483881831169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4810067117214203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47904860973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4515692889690399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.45001477003097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4416697323322296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.440315306186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4166012406349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3717574179172516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3247162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1560732540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5498747354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6986719856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600744878","https://openalex.org/W1957955656","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2734908518","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2753160622","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2770173563","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2895407085","https://openalex.org/W2900967017","https://openalex.org/W2909712920","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2953143151","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2963078860","https://openalex.org/W2963341924","https://openalex.org/W2963741406","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2964738275","https://openalex.org/W2988396473","https://openalex.org/W2999862233","https://openalex.org/W3001411605","https://openalex.org/W3004724178","https://openalex.org/W3005510567","https://openalex.org/W3015474227","https://openalex.org/W3020297671","https://openalex.org/W3022121429","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3023365694","https://openalex.org/W3048385670","https://openalex.org/W3060435609","https://openalex.org/W3085481492","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3092053846","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3110608229","https://openalex.org/W3115053547","https://openalex.org/W3138656191","https://openalex.org/W3154934604","https://openalex.org/W3213894367","https://openalex.org/W4205303129","https://openalex.org/W4205590867","https://openalex.org/W4220783431","https://openalex.org/W4225874584","https://openalex.org/W4226117432","https://openalex.org/W4248350653","https://openalex.org/W4289305285","https://openalex.org/W4293412117","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6746260573","https://openalex.org/W6746638498","https://openalex.org/W6758126075","https://openalex.org/W6758685805","https://openalex.org/W6772329248","https://openalex.org/W6787384977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918","https://openalex.org/W4200527723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,88,99,146,190],"Things":[2],"(IoT)":[3],"networks":[4,125],"are":[5,102,181],"often":[6,44],"subject":[7],"to":[8,24,73,107,118,186],"many":[9],"malicious":[10],"attacks":[11],"in":[12,46,111],"untrusted":[13,47],"environments,":[14],"and":[15,38,77,114,154,174,197],"automatic":[16],"modulation":[17,86],"classification":[18],"(AMC)":[19],"is":[20,43,56,71],"an":[21],"effective":[22],"way":[23],"combat":[25],"IoT":[26],"physical-layer":[27],"threats.":[28],"However,":[29],"most":[30],"existing":[31,200],"AMC":[32,61,148],"methods":[33],"assume":[34],"sufficient":[35],"labeled":[36],"signals":[37],"invariant":[39],"signal":[40,90,112],"distribution,":[41],"which":[42,81],"impossible":[45],"environments.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"article,":[51],"a":[52,59,66,96,129,176],"new":[53,147],"meta-learning":[54,137],"method":[55],"proposed":[57],"for":[58,104],"few-shot":[60],"with":[62,122,136,150],"distribution":[63,155,162,173],"bias.":[64,156],"First,":[65],"multi-frequency":[67],"octave":[68],"ResNet":[69],"(MFOR)":[70],"constructed":[72],"learn":[74,128],"coarse":[75],"(low-frequency)":[76],"fine":[78],"(high-frequency)":[79],"features,":[80],"can":[82,141,166],"efficiently":[83],"identify":[84],"the":[85,89,119,134,143,161,171,188],"type":[87],"while":[91],"saving":[92],"computational":[93],"resources.":[94],"Second,":[95],"large":[97],"number":[98],"classification-related":[100],"meta-tasks":[101],"established":[103],"training":[105],"MFOR":[106,135],"explore":[108],"general":[109],"knowledge":[110],"classification,":[113],"then":[115],"transfer":[116],"it":[117],"AMC.":[120],"Different":[121],"deep":[123],"neural":[124],"(DNNs)":[126],"that":[127,160],"mapping":[130],"by":[131,169],"multiple":[132],"instances,":[133],"(denoted":[138],"as":[139],"M-MFOR)":[140],"improve":[142],"generalization":[144],"ability":[145],"tasks":[149],"very":[151],"few":[152],"instances":[153],"Furthermore,":[157],"we":[158],"find":[159],"bias":[163],"between":[164],"data":[165],"be":[167],"reduced":[168],"adjusting":[170],"normalized":[172],"propose":[175],"class-related":[177],"mixup.":[178],"Extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"taken":[182],"on":[183],"several":[184],"datasets":[185],"investigate":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"M-MFOR.":[191],"The":[192],"results":[193],"show":[194],"its":[195],"feasibility":[196],"superiority":[198],"over":[199],"methods.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}