{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319302560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319","title":"Application of QR Code Watermarking and Encryption in the Protection of Data Privacy of Intelligent Mouth-Opening Trainer","display_name":"Application of QR Code Watermarking and Encryption in the Protection of Data Privacy of Intelligent Mouth-Opening Trainer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319302560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000593851","display_name":"Jiannan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-6812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097066","display_name":"Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010826a91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiannan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, the School of Medicine, the College of Stomatology, the National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-6812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, the School of Medicine, the College of Stomatology, the National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048211859","display_name":"Jing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097066","display_name":"Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010826a91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, the School of Medicine, the College of Stomatology, the National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, the School of Medicine, the College of Stomatology, the National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089352894","display_name":"Kang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-5821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-5821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101997384","display_name":"Jun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-4284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002554183","display_name":"Dandan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dandan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-6321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064168853","display_name":"Guangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-9322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000593851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210097066"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90865548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"10510","last_page":"10518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8119560480117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.791138768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.6506460905075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6119969487190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5799499750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.499711275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49220481514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4790859818458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4175848066806793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.1731434166431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13344904780387878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119560480117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.791138768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.6506460905075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6119969487190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5799499750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.499711275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49220481514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4790859818458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4175848066806793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.1731434166431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13344904780387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3242319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1249213082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81901049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529122600","https://openalex.org/W1583678519","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1966646141","https://openalex.org/W2004387379","https://openalex.org/W2023017076","https://openalex.org/W2055750511","https://openalex.org/W2096142234","https://openalex.org/W2114415799","https://openalex.org/W2137909165","https://openalex.org/W2151686053","https://openalex.org/W2355550369","https://openalex.org/W2512927390","https://openalex.org/W2766682264","https://openalex.org/W2855392440","https://openalex.org/W2883233582","https://openalex.org/W2899413106","https://openalex.org/W2952651666","https://openalex.org/W2982163850","https://openalex.org/W2989435086","https://openalex.org/W2997594966","https://openalex.org/W3034856584","https://openalex.org/W3035671550","https://openalex.org/W3084734581","https://openalex.org/W3091781356","https://openalex.org/W3113009928","https://openalex.org/W3118393260","https://openalex.org/W3208764516","https://openalex.org/W4288636824","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6788107649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quick":[0],"response":[1],"(QR)":[2],"codes":[3,36],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,69],"offline":[8],"to":[9,12,18,77,117],"online":[10],"channels":[11],"transfer":[13],"information":[14,56,68,131],"from":[15],"promotional":[16],"materials":[17],"mobile":[19],"devices.":[20],"Self-service":[21],"medical":[22,46,50,55],"equipment":[23],"can":[24,37,64,143],"record":[25],"the":[26,32,39,67,70,78,103,109,112,118,121,128,140,146,152],"data":[27,40,153],"of":[28,34,80,111,148],"each":[29],"test,":[30],"so":[31],"use":[33],"QR":[35,71,87,129],"realize":[38],"exchange":[41],"between":[42],"patients":[43,149,156],"and":[44,48,52,90,107,126,157],"doctors,":[45],"institutions,":[47],"self-service":[49],"equipment,":[51],"create":[53],"a":[54,86],"platform":[57],"for":[58],"health":[59],"files.":[60],"However,":[61],"since":[62],"anyone":[63],"easily":[65],"read":[66],"code,":[72],"it":[73],"is":[74],"not":[75],"conducive":[76],"protection":[79],"patient":[81],"privacy.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"we":[84,124],"propose":[85],"code":[88,130],"encryption":[89,134],"decryption":[91],"model":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"robust":[95],"digital":[96,100],"watermarking.":[97],"We":[98],"implement":[99],"watermarking":[101],"through":[102,132],"generative":[104],"adversarial":[105],"networks":[106],"increase":[108],"robustness":[110],"watermark":[113],"by":[114,155],"adding":[115],"noise":[116],"model.":[119],"At":[120],"same":[122],"time,":[123],"encrypt":[125],"decrypt":[127],"advanced":[133],"standards.":[135],"Experimental":[136],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"proposed":[141],"method":[142],"well":[144],"protect":[145],"privacy":[147],"without":[150],"affecting":[151],"acquisition":[154],"doctors.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}