{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319863668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827","title":"HCAR: A Hybrid-Coding-Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","display_name":"HCAR: A Hybrid-Coding-Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319863668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071725359","display_name":"Yishan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-0806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-0806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018896312","display_name":"Yini Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-465X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yini Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-465X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102272847","display_name":"Zhifeng Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College of Engineers, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College of Engineers, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101498762","display_name":"Yuru Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuru Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008628472","display_name":"Rong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-4844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-4844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99042408,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"10790","last_page":"10801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225325345993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7048277854919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.656861424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-network-coding","display_name":"Linear network coding","score":0.6170410513877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.4976809322834015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4660068154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.4321762025356293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.42966118454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.41401636600494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3555270731449127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225325345993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7048277854919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.656861424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138293262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089578","display_name":"Linear network coding","level":3,"score":0.6170410513877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.4976809322834015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4660068154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.4321762025356293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.42966118454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.41401636600494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3555270731449127}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3240827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2481297851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8253672350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1554648094","https://openalex.org/W1908308678","https://openalex.org/W1981066325","https://openalex.org/W1985188826","https://openalex.org/W2000548713","https://openalex.org/W2020602398","https://openalex.org/W2040924935","https://openalex.org/W2104911317","https://openalex.org/W2107201417","https://openalex.org/W2114505770","https://openalex.org/W2128195381","https://openalex.org/W2129879516","https://openalex.org/W2149863032","https://openalex.org/W2162372119","https://openalex.org/W2169011930","https://openalex.org/W2185532575","https://openalex.org/W2578115791","https://openalex.org/W2593092191","https://openalex.org/W2907775212","https://openalex.org/W2910503495","https://openalex.org/W3007038356","https://openalex.org/W3130201129","https://openalex.org/W3152137621","https://openalex.org/W4239520217","https://openalex.org/W4301340643","https://openalex.org/W6650655300","https://openalex.org/W6684418775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087720402","https://openalex.org/W2386876404","https://openalex.org/W2377741144","https://openalex.org/W1526204052","https://openalex.org/W2122998529","https://openalex.org/W2136197256","https://openalex.org/W2153697673","https://openalex.org/W2113081707","https://openalex.org/W2151422282","https://openalex.org/W2419435095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,4,25,40,53,60,73,131,135,144,181,207],"the":[2,5,23,26,32,41,49,58,65,71,112,120,132,136,142,178,182,195,204,208],"characteristics":[3],"underwater":[6,44],"acoustic":[7],"sensor":[8],"networks":[9,183],"(UASNs),":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"long":[13],"propagation":[14],"delay,":[15],"narrow":[16],"bandwidth,":[17],"limited":[18],"resources,":[19],"and":[20,34,92,114,161,167,188],"intermittent":[21],"connectivity,":[22],"design":[24,149],"routing":[27,45,84,96,101,122,179],"protocol":[28,85,210],"has":[29],"always":[30],"been":[31],"focus":[33],"difficulty":[35],"in":[36,111],"UASNs":[37],"research.":[38],"Most":[39],"existing":[42],"coding-based":[43],"protocols":[46],"only":[47],"use":[48],"error":[50],"correction":[51],"function":[52],"network":[54,66,90,113],"coding":[55,67,91,109,117],"to":[56,127,211],"improve":[57],"reliability":[59],"data":[61],"transmission,":[62],"ignoring":[63],"that":[64,98,154,173],"can":[68,175],"effectively":[69,140,176],"optimize":[70,177],"performance":[72],"packet":[74],"transmission.":[75],"In":[76,146],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"we":[79,148],"propose":[80],"a":[81,94,150,189],"hybrid":[82],"coding-aware":[83],"(HCAR).":[86],"HCAR":[87,126,174,209],"introduces":[88],"interflow":[89],"designs":[93],"new":[95,151],"framework":[97],"combines":[99],"reactive":[100],"with":[102,184],"opportunistic":[103,159],"routing.":[104],"It":[105],"exhaustively":[106],"explores":[107],"potential":[108],"opportunities":[110,118],"proactively":[115],"creates":[116],"during":[119],"entire":[121],"process,":[123],"which":[124],"enables":[125],"take":[128],"full":[129],"advantage":[130],"broadcast":[133],"nature":[134],"wireless":[137],"medium,":[138],"thereby":[139],"reducing":[141,194],"number":[143],"transmissions.":[145],"addition,":[147],"encoding":[152],"method":[153],"does":[155],"not":[156],"rely":[157],"on":[158],"listening,":[160],"thus":[162],"avoids":[163],"introducing":[164],"excessive":[165],"delay":[166],"overhead.":[168],"The":[169],"simulation":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"problem":[180],"multiple":[185],"source":[186],"nodes":[187],"single":[190],"sink":[191],"node,":[192],"further":[193],"transmission":[196],"overhead":[197],"while":[198],"ensuring":[199],"reliability.":[200],"We":[201],"also":[202],"implemented":[203],"key":[205],"mechanism":[206],"verify":[212],"its":[213],"feasibility":[214],"through":[215],"sea":[216],"tests.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
