{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316013191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694","title":"Specification-Based Symbolic Execution for Stateful Network Protocol Implementations in IoT","display_name":"Specification-Based Symbolic Execution for Stateful Network Protocol Implementations in IoT","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316013191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012972830","display_name":"S\u00f6ren Tempel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-893X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f6ren Tempel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-893X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012137527","display_name":"Vladimir Herdt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Herdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-057X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071742136","display_name":"Rolf Drechsler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Drechsler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-1740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88704819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"9544","last_page":"9555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8910614252090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.8620724678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.7205604910850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5300585627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.4944915771484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.46489137411117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.44414305686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.4421217739582062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4381115436553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43460142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4173603057861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3570082187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3025701642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.27124398946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20917388796806335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8910614252090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.8620724678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.7205604910850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5300585627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.4944915771484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.46489137411117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.44414305686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.4421217739582062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4381115436553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43460142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4173603057861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3570082187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3025701642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.27124398946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20917388796806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3236694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5244853304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IW19001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5660660372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16ME0127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G879987281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IW22002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502951647","https://openalex.org/W1529728259","https://openalex.org/W1582903531","https://openalex.org/W1680355580","https://openalex.org/W1694077306","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1778387619","https://openalex.org/W1819209966","https://openalex.org/W2011367000","https://openalex.org/W2051700952","https://openalex.org/W2051990174","https://openalex.org/W2062200967","https://openalex.org/W2101225843","https://openalex.org/W2117448240","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2129975948","https://openalex.org/W2137530017","https://openalex.org/W2138890930","https://openalex.org/W2155448819","https://openalex.org/W2234639732","https://openalex.org/W2343874908","https://openalex.org/W2514974017","https://openalex.org/W2546094875","https://openalex.org/W2615918556","https://openalex.org/W2737058386","https://openalex.org/W2782780792","https://openalex.org/W2791018263","https://openalex.org/W2791403216","https://openalex.org/W2907749373","https://openalex.org/W2907964057","https://openalex.org/W2963723316","https://openalex.org/W3018354080","https://openalex.org/W3028360334","https://openalex.org/W3047947484","https://openalex.org/W3048512654","https://openalex.org/W3164551084","https://openalex.org/W3212294778","https://openalex.org/W4220856780","https://openalex.org/W4235381699","https://openalex.org/W4236546623","https://openalex.org/W4312337699","https://openalex.org/W6637594488","https://openalex.org/W6637688222","https://openalex.org/W6757249222","https://openalex.org/W6757975325","https://openalex.org/W6776032291","https://openalex.org/W6781817248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013037783","https://openalex.org/W2909413202","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W4387781940","https://openalex.org/W3128617399","https://openalex.org/W2887287025","https://openalex.org/W4313212223","https://openalex.org/W4376622240","https://openalex.org/W1995590221","https://openalex.org/W196101529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IoT":[0,22,42,84,111,143,160],"devices":[1],"offer":[2],"insufficient":[3],"protections":[4],"against":[5],"exploitation":[6],"of":[7,29,35,49,67,88],"critical":[8,189],"programming":[9],"errors":[10,31],"(such":[11],"as":[12],"buffer":[13],"overflows)":[14],"it":[15],"is":[16,32,53,128],"therefore":[17],"paramount":[18],"to":[19,56,82,141,152,186],"sufficiently":[20],"test":[21,153],"software":[23,100,179],"before":[24],"deployment.":[25],"A":[26],"central":[27],"source":[28],"these":[30],"the":[33,41,83,110,117,142,200],"implementations":[34,52,69,155,197],"stateful":[36,105],"network":[37,106,195],"protocols":[38],"used":[39],"in":[40,109,170,194],"(e.g.,":[43,86],"MQTT-SN).":[44],"Unfortunately,":[45],"comprehensive":[46],"automated":[47,65,99,178],"testing":[48,66,101,104,180],"such":[50],"protocol":[51,68,107,132,154,196],"challenging":[54],"due":[55],"their":[57],"large":[58],"state":[59,133],"space.":[60],"Furthermore,":[61],"prior":[62],"work":[63],"on":[64,71,130],"focuses":[70],"conventional":[72],"desktop":[73],"systems":[74],"and":[75,134,138,190],"does":[76],"thus":[77],"not":[78],"address":[79],"challenges":[80],"specific":[81],"domain":[85],"handling":[87],"peripheral":[89],"interactions).":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"publication,":[93],"we":[94,120],"leverage":[95],"symbolic":[96,124,149],"execution":[97,125,150],"(an":[98],"technique)":[102],"for":[103],"implementation":[108],"domain.":[112,144],"To":[113],"mitigate":[114],"issues":[115],"regarding":[116],"state-space":[118],"explosion,":[119],"propose":[121],"a":[122,167],"novel":[123],"approach":[126,151],"which":[127],"based":[129],"created":[131],"message":[135],"format":[136],"specifications":[137],"specifically":[139],"tailored":[140],"We":[145,182],"employ":[146],"our":[147,177],"specification-based":[148],"provided":[156,198],"by":[157,199],"two":[158],"popular":[159],"operating":[161,202],"systems.":[162],"Our":[163],"experiments":[164],"indicate":[165],"that":[166],"significant":[168],"increase":[169],"code":[171],"coverage":[172],"can":[173],"be":[174],"achieved":[175],"using":[176],"approach.":[181],"were":[183],"further":[184],"able":[185],"discover":[187],"three":[188],"previously":[191],"unknown":[192],"bugs":[193],"RIOT":[201],"system.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}