{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315473438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725","title":"Enhanced Embedded AutoEncoders: An Attribute-Preserving Face De-Identification Framework","display_name":"Enhanced Embedded AutoEncoders: An Attribute-Preserving Face De-Identification Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315473438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101412815","display_name":"Jianqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062212392","display_name":"Zhiwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-0558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455171","display_name":"Pan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770003","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785158","display_name":"Huiyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101412815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85692663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"9438","last_page":"9452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8494739532470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7193131446838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.6709361672401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6354676485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5436039566993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.48657333850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.4731280207633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4650358557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4187554121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4164353013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.411193311214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3749375343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.25317859649658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.213559091091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16001611948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08224901556968689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8494739532470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7193131446838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6709361672401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6354676485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5436039566993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.48657333850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.4731280207633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4650358557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4187554121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4164353013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.411193311214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3749375343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25317859649658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.213559091091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16001611948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08224901556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1739438048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3949779403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSFSC0885","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853074022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G999549071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578378315","https://openalex.org/W1659411517","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1973429320","https://openalex.org/W2055860749","https://openalex.org/W2057047227","https://openalex.org/W2103958416","https://openalex.org/W2116907524","https://openalex.org/W2128354257","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2596378825","https://openalex.org/W2744373723","https://openalex.org/W2766445325","https://openalex.org/W2767028605","https://openalex.org/W2774975055","https://openalex.org/W2783131052","https://openalex.org/W2910603373","https://openalex.org/W2914794838","https://openalex.org/W2947709300","https://openalex.org/W2961396908","https://openalex.org/W2962786991","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963963190","https://openalex.org/W2963979376","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2977362526","https://openalex.org/W2992584342","https://openalex.org/W2997347515","https://openalex.org/W3004195290","https://openalex.org/W3026152621","https://openalex.org/W3028559839","https://openalex.org/W3032614845","https://openalex.org/W3036844564","https://openalex.org/W3048221011","https://openalex.org/W3087801137","https://openalex.org/W3101314853","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3121797687","https://openalex.org/W3169129566","https://openalex.org/W4212990735","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6636171097","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6739365718","https://openalex.org/W6753599364","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6780116240","https://openalex.org/W6790138817","https://openalex.org/W6797833107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W2132337154","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"face":[1,60,69,126,181,195],"recognition":[2],"technology":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"dramatically":[6],"boosted":[7],"by":[8,169],"the":[9,33,42,113,138,141,157,187],"advances":[10],"in":[11,24,29,174],"deep":[12],"learning":[13],"and":[14,97,123],"big":[15],"data":[16,177],"fields.":[17],"However,":[18],"this":[19,63,78,136],"also":[20,198],"poses":[21],"grand":[22],"challenges":[23],"protecting":[25,55],"personal":[26,56,200],"identity":[27,57,121,201],"information":[28,119],"intelligent":[30],"applications":[31],"of":[32,35,83,106,117,140,152,172,176],"Internet":[34],"Things":[36],"(IoT).":[37],"Existing":[38],"methods":[39,168],"based":[40],"on":[41],"<inline-formula":[43],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[44],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[45],"<tex-math":[46],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K$":[47],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[48],"-Same":[49],"algorithm":[50],"have":[51],"low":[52],"effectiveness":[53],"for":[54,128],"while":[58],"preserving":[59],"attributes.":[61],"In":[62,132],"article,":[64],"we":[65,146],"propose":[66],"an":[67,170],"attribute-preserving":[68],"de-identification":[70,182],"framework":[71,81,108,165,189],"called":[72],"Enhanced":[73],"Embedded":[74],"AutoEncoders":[75],"to":[76,110,134],"address":[77],"problem.":[79],"Our":[80],"consists":[82],"three":[84],"parts:":[85],"1)":[86],"a":[87,93,99],"privacy":[88,100,122],"removal":[89],"network":[90],"(PRN);":[91],"2)":[92],"feature":[94],"selection":[95],"network;":[96],"3)":[98],"evaluation":[101],"network.":[102],"The":[103],"main":[104],"purpose":[105],"our":[107,164],"is":[109,115,143,154],"ensure":[111],"that":[112,163,186],"PRN":[114,142],"capable":[116],"discarding":[118],"involving":[120],"retaining":[124],"desired":[125],"attributes":[127,196],"certain":[129],"prediction":[130],"applications.":[131],"order":[133],"achieve":[135],"goal,":[137],"design":[139],"crucial.":[144],"Specifically,":[145],"employ":[147],"two":[148],"different":[149],"autoencoders,":[150],"one":[151],"which":[153,184],"embedded":[155],"within":[156],"other.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"outperforms":[166],"existing":[167],"average":[171],"3.42%\u201326.22%":[173],"terms":[175],"utility":[178],"under":[179],"comparable":[180],"performance,":[183],"indicates":[185],"proposed":[188],"can":[190],"not":[191],"only":[192],"effectively":[193],"retain":[194],"but":[197],"protect":[199],"well.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
