{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313892825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for FDD Systems: Design and Optimization","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for FDD Systems: Design and Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313892825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047821332","display_name":"Hu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-2885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-2885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832415","display_name":"Ying\u2010Chang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Chang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Institute for Infocomm Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025695430","display_name":"Ruizhe Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-0515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhe Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-0515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765829","display_name":"Lian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060380113","display_name":"Yiyang Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-8697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168639165","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2c2791","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-8697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75214543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"9607","last_page":"9621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.9184159636497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6881707310676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6709073185920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6394506692886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4280785918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4171469807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20257088541984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16267237067222595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.9184159636497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6881707310676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6709073185920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6394506692886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4280785918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4171469807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20257088541984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16267237067222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3235383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1418244083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1801261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3738287161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1801105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928419522","https://openalex.org/W2042172691","https://openalex.org/W2124801067","https://openalex.org/W2139469242","https://openalex.org/W2148211756","https://openalex.org/W2152463001","https://openalex.org/W2159907952","https://openalex.org/W2163323183","https://openalex.org/W2170576072","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995304369","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3016197022","https://openalex.org/W3022916026","https://openalex.org/W3027460437","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045209834","https://openalex.org/W3094619726","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3120094264","https://openalex.org/W3140275159","https://openalex.org/W3186652582","https://openalex.org/W4285172132","https://openalex.org/W4290996490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W4308233808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,119,159,180,215],"promising":[9],"technology":[10],"for":[11,58,94],"wireless":[12],"communications,":[13],"which":[14,39,109,229],"intelligently":[15],"controls":[16],"the":[17,40,54,64,87,99,105,111,123,132,147,156,176,187,194,200,203,231],"phase":[18,42,66,100,137,143],"shift":[19],"of":[20,102,145,199],"each":[21],"unit":[22],"cell":[23],"to":[24,47,53,75,121,130,166,184,213],"form":[25],"desired":[26,133],"beams.":[27],"Most":[28],"prior":[29],"works":[30],"on":[31,175],"RIS":[32,89,103,162,224],"consider":[33],"time-division":[34],"duplexing":[35,60],"(TDD)":[36],"systems,":[37,62],"in":[38,70,82,152],"same":[41,65],"shifts":[43,67,101],"can":[44],"be":[45],"applied":[46],"both":[48,146],"uplink":[49,148,201,237],"and":[50,91,114,128,141,149,189,202],"downlink":[51,150,204],"due":[52],"channel":[55],"reciprocity.":[56],"However,":[57],"frequency-division":[59],"(FDD)":[61],"using":[63],"will":[68],"result":[69],"beam":[71],"misalignment,":[72],"thereby":[73],"leading":[74],"performance":[76],"degradation.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"this":[80,83],"issue,":[81],"article,":[84],"we":[85,117],"study":[86],"practical":[88,160],"design":[90,122,225,230],"beamforming":[92,191],"optimization":[93],"FDD":[95,153],"systems.":[96,154],"By":[97],"representing":[98],"with":[104],"equivalent":[106],"circuit":[107,124],"model":[108,164],"includes":[110],"resistance,":[112],"inductances,":[113,158],"tunable":[115],"capacitance,":[116],"propose":[118],"methodology":[120],"parameters":[125],"(i.e.,":[126,136],"inductances":[127],"capacitance)":[129],"meet":[131],"reflection":[134,163,168,178],"requirements":[135],"tuning":[138],"range,":[139],"reflectivity,":[140],"zero":[142],"slope)":[144],"transmissions":[151],"Given":[155],"designed":[157],"binary":[161],"corresponding":[165],"two":[167],"states":[169],"is":[170,182,205,211],"then":[171],"proposed.":[172],"Furthermore,":[173],"based":[174],"proposed":[177,212,223],"model,":[179],"problem":[181],"formulated":[183],"jointly":[185],"optimize":[186],"active":[188],"passive":[190],"such":[192],"that":[193,221],"minimum":[195],"array":[196],"response":[197],"gain":[198],"maximized.":[206],"An":[207],"efficient":[208],"iterative":[209],"algorithm":[210],"obtain":[214],"suboptimal":[216],"solution.":[217],"Simulation":[218],"results":[219],"show":[220],"our":[222],"outperforms":[226],"those":[227],"benchmarks":[228],"circuits":[232],"by":[233],"only":[234],"optimizing":[235],"either":[236],"or":[238],"downlink.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
