{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313590834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123","title":"Machine Learning for Time-of-Arrival Estimation With 5G Signals in Indoor Positioning","display_name":"Machine Learning for Time-of-Arrival Estimation With 5G Signals in Indoor Positioning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313590834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008045675","display_name":"Zhaoliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-5380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-5380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334622","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-6001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-6001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055149204","display_name":"Xin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052929288","display_name":"Zhenhang Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-6538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhang Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-6538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010955579","display_name":"Guangyi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-0914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-0914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029924052","display_name":"Ruizhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98785175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"9782","last_page":"9795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8366128206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6194396018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5951745510101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5783044695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5521645545959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5409167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.5245583057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44337940216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.4148368239402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3384206295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2513057291507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18702563643455505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8366128206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6194396018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5951745510101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5783044695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5521645545959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5409167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5245583057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44337940216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.4148368239402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3384206295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2513057291507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18702563643455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3234123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2257841085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94763889","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W2068514419","https://openalex.org/W2080661738","https://openalex.org/W2097606935","https://openalex.org/W2111321529","https://openalex.org/W2116274843","https://openalex.org/W2125093642","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2134041135","https://openalex.org/W2137012645","https://openalex.org/W2140643070","https://openalex.org/W2154621370","https://openalex.org/W2244486986","https://openalex.org/W2294748733","https://openalex.org/W2472946096","https://openalex.org/W2522792133","https://openalex.org/W2546768448","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2605943641","https://openalex.org/W2622402939","https://openalex.org/W2740938863","https://openalex.org/W2752196210","https://openalex.org/W2764026391","https://openalex.org/W2769094067","https://openalex.org/W2776371898","https://openalex.org/W2782654437","https://openalex.org/W2792222535","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2963318081","https://openalex.org/W2972260047","https://openalex.org/W3015074395","https://openalex.org/W3015570924","https://openalex.org/W3016635716","https://openalex.org/W3028058884","https://openalex.org/W3084212472","https://openalex.org/W3091245962","https://openalex.org/W3134592264","https://openalex.org/W3211707454","https://openalex.org/W4210621261","https://openalex.org/W4226360729","https://openalex.org/W4283325729","https://openalex.org/W4292672216","https://openalex.org/W4296079469","https://openalex.org/W4306693884","https://openalex.org/W6677272945","https://openalex.org/W6845891058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258106632","https://openalex.org/W2900608567","https://openalex.org/W2000433025","https://openalex.org/W2786742173","https://openalex.org/W1977989201","https://openalex.org/W2770110807","https://openalex.org/W2954228414","https://openalex.org/W4384927734","https://openalex.org/W2215607475","https://openalex.org/W2087203524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Location-based":[0],"service":[1],"in":[2,11,44,104,124,146,153],"the":[3,99,116,125,142,157],"indoor":[4,45],"environment":[5],"is":[6,70,94,160],"playing":[7],"a":[8,33],"crucial":[9],"role":[10],"different":[12],"application":[13],"scenarios.":[14],"The":[15,151],"introduction":[16],"of":[17,36,102,144,156],"technologies,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20,32],"ultradense":[21],"network":[22,38],"and":[23,110,115,141,162],"massive":[24],"multiple-input":[25],"multiple-output":[26],"enables":[27],"fifth-generation":[28],"(5G)":[29],"cellular":[30,37],"signals,":[31,39],"new":[34],"generation":[35],"to":[40,87],"show":[41],"unique":[42],"advantages":[43],"positioning.":[46],"This":[47],"article":[48],"describes":[49],"5G":[50,67,92,122,134],"reference":[51],"signal":[52,69],"structures":[53],"that":[54,72],"can":[55,73,167],"be":[56,74,168],"used":[57],"for":[58],"navigation.":[59],"A":[60,79],"high-precision":[61],"time-of-arrival":[62],"estimation":[63],"method":[64],"based":[65,83],"on":[66,84],"downlink":[68],"proposed":[71,158],"realized":[75],"by":[76,121,137],"edge":[77],"computing.":[78],"software-defined":[80],"receiver":[81],"(SDR)":[82],"machine":[85],"learning":[86],"extract":[88],"navigation":[89],"observations":[90],"from":[91],"signals":[93,123,135],"then":[95],"developed.":[96],"In":[97,130],"simulation,":[98],"error":[100],"sources":[101],"SDR":[103,127,145,159],"additive":[105],"white":[106],"gaussian":[107],"noise":[108],"channel":[109,112],"multipath":[111],"were":[113,139],"analyzed,":[114],"possible":[117],"ranging":[118],"accuracy":[119,166],"achieved":[120],"developed":[126],"was":[128,149],"evaluated.":[129,150],"field":[131],"experiments,":[132],"commercial":[133],"deployed":[136],"operators":[138],"collected,":[140],"performance":[143],"practical":[147,154],"applications":[148,155],"feasibility":[152],"demonstrated,":[161],"high":[163],"pseudorange":[164],"measurement":[165],"achieved.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
