{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312602653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746","title":"Wireless Distributed Consensus for Connected Autonomous Systems","display_name":"Wireless Distributed Consensus for Connected Autonomous Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312602653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079038912","display_name":"Hao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-7905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","Wireless Network Research Department, Huawei Technologies (UK), Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-7905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Network Research Department, Huawei Technologies (UK), Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056529243","display_name":"Yixuan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389198","display_name":"Wenyu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","Wireless Network Research Department, Huawei Technologies (UK), Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Network Research Department, Huawei Technologies (UK), Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079038912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618","https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94010923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"7786","last_page":"7799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8325215578079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.7046440243721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6193568706512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5720036029815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5208126306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.519228994846344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5027198791503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.492033451795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.46819624304771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42855802178382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4196542203426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.17497360706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12837398052215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1246320903301239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8325215578079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.7046440243721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6193568706512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5720036029815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5208126306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.519228994846344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5027198791503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.492033451795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.46819624304771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42855802178382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4196542203426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.17497360706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12837398052215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1246320903301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:288119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:288119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9664036","https://openalex.org/W2066938247","https://openalex.org/W2071043548","https://openalex.org/W2076572166","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2151977651","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2343568200","https://openalex.org/W2500522415","https://openalex.org/W2567642374","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2751608683","https://openalex.org/W2776276349","https://openalex.org/W2792149140","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2911728646","https://openalex.org/W2922081827","https://openalex.org/W2922250870","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2973064640","https://openalex.org/W2999393238","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3031871290","https://openalex.org/W3036551898","https://openalex.org/W3081916050","https://openalex.org/W3088828464","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3108722340","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3154310484","https://openalex.org/W3157340262","https://openalex.org/W3200139635","https://openalex.org/W3211063165","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4250397346","https://openalex.org/W4381194842","https://openalex.org/W4389631016","https://openalex.org/W4394659222","https://openalex.org/W6669781149","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6864427273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W3183732253","https://openalex.org/W4384299894","https://openalex.org/W4287328371","https://openalex.org/W4323924660","https://openalex.org/W3129544973","https://openalex.org/W4319072583","https://openalex.org/W4386174973","https://openalex.org/W4386541372","https://openalex.org/W4319875884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connected":[0],"critical":[1],"autonomous":[2,21],"systems":[3],"(C-CASs)":[4],"are":[5,42,52,84,162],"envisioned":[6],"to":[7,35,88],"significantly":[8,187],"change":[9],"our":[10],"life":[11],"and":[12,23,39,45,49,65,119,155,159],"work":[13],"styles":[14],"through":[15],"emerging":[16],"vertical":[17],"applications,":[18],"such":[19,150],"as":[20,27,151],"vehicles":[22],"cooperative":[24],"robots.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[28,31,59,81,123,132,152,179,193],"scale":[29],"of":[30,62,196],"connected":[32,82],"nodes":[33],"continues":[34],"grow,":[36],"their":[37,54],"heterogeneity":[38],"cybersecurity":[40],"threats":[41],"more":[43],"eminent,":[44],"conventional":[46],"centralized":[47],"communications":[48],"decision-making":[50],"methodology":[51],"reaching":[53],"limit.":[55],"This":[56],"article":[57],"is":[58,104],"first":[60,135],"exploration":[61],"a":[63,77],"trustworthy":[64],"fault-tolerant":[66],"framework":[67,103],"for":[68,70,173],"C-CAS":[69,180],"achieving":[71],"hyperreliable":[72],"global":[73],"decision":[74,94],"making":[75],"in":[76,140,178],"trustless":[78],"environment,":[79],"where":[80],"sensors/nodes":[83],"less":[85],"reliable":[86],"due":[87],"either":[89],"communication":[90],"failure":[91],"or":[92],"local":[93],"error":[95],"(e.g.,":[96],"by":[97],"sensing":[98],"algorithm/AI,":[99],"etc.).":[100],"The":[101,145,182],"proposed":[102,124],"based":[105],"on":[106],"two":[107],"iconic":[108],"distributed":[109],"consensus":[110,138,153],"(DC)":[111],"mechanisms:":[112],"1)":[113],"practical":[114],"Byzantine":[115],"fault":[116],"tolerance":[117],"(PBFT)":[118],"2)":[120],"Raft,":[121],"under":[122],"perception-initiative-consensus-action":[125],"(PICA)":[126],"protocol":[127],"with":[128,192],"wireless":[129,174],"connections":[130],"among":[131],"nodes.":[133,198],"We":[134],"analytically":[136,164],"derived":[137],"reliability":[139,160,191],"six":[141],"different":[142],"system":[143,190],"models.":[144],"other":[146],"fundamental":[147],"performance":[148],"metrics,":[149],"throughput":[154],"latency,":[156],"node":[157],"scalability,":[158],"gain":[161],"also":[163],"derived.":[165],"These":[166],"analytical":[167],"results":[168,183],"provide":[169],"basic":[170],"design":[171],"guidelines":[172],"DC":[175],"(WDC)":[176],"usage":[177],"systems.":[181],"show":[184],"that":[185],"WDC":[186],"improves":[188],"overall":[189],"increasing":[194],"number":[195],"participating":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}