{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313143206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516","title":"Area\u2013Time Efficient Implementation of NIST Lightweight Hash Functions Targeting IoT Applications","display_name":"Area\u2013Time Efficient Implementation of NIST Lightweight Hash Functions Targeting IoT Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313143206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Area-time_efficient_implementation_of_NIST_lightweight_hash_functions_targeting_IoT_applications/32490066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053916363","display_name":"Safiullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safiullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-6928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072449504","display_name":"Wai\u2010Kong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai-Kong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044163841","display_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-588X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022500026","display_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","PQShield Ltd., Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-5728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PQShield Ltd., Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019574100","display_name":"Abdul Majeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-5054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Majeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-5054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086844518","display_name":"Seong Oun Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Oun Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87435629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"8083","last_page":"8095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7481043934822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.710902988910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6521427631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-hash-algorithm","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","score":0.6351830959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6157482862472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6005363464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-hash-function","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","score":0.5842850804328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4907737672328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4450148344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4407029151916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4265555441379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/md5","display_name":"MD5","score":0.42103099822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4178086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3817875385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sha-2","display_name":"SHA-2","score":0.18189162015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1664862036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12029063701629639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7481043934822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.710902988910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6521427631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9661340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257799","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.6351830959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6157482862472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6005363464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.5842850804328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4907737672328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4450148344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4407029151916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4265555441379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157172786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185235","display_name":"MD5","level":3,"score":0.42103099822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4178086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3817875385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190157925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605","display_name":"SHA-2","level":4,"score":0.18189162015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1664862036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12029063701629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3229516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:635650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/42bbd466b3010a120ef38b2d89366380.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32490066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Area-time_efficient_implementation_of_NIST_lightweight_hash_functions_targeting_IoT_applications/32490066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/738982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/738982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Internet Of Things Journal, vol. 10 (9), (8083-8095)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32490066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Area-time_efficient_implementation_of_NIST_lightweight_hash_functions_targeting_IoT_applications/32490066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6300930233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2B5B01002145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35428663","https://openalex.org/W2158365413","https://openalex.org/W2252149818","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2619630761","https://openalex.org/W2740336530","https://openalex.org/W2765386572","https://openalex.org/W2914492849","https://openalex.org/W2967056962","https://openalex.org/W2971238849","https://openalex.org/W3019839747","https://openalex.org/W3045281960","https://openalex.org/W3087885863","https://openalex.org/W3088704016","https://openalex.org/W3097906587","https://openalex.org/W3130076066","https://openalex.org/W3134559703","https://openalex.org/W3164731693","https://openalex.org/W3168295709","https://openalex.org/W3186403298","https://openalex.org/W3207692244","https://openalex.org/W4213044633","https://openalex.org/W4213143038","https://openalex.org/W4255174706","https://openalex.org/W4285110201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251738463","https://openalex.org/W34390312","https://openalex.org/W2103190493","https://openalex.org/W2799225258","https://openalex.org/W3146374370","https://openalex.org/W2139378575","https://openalex.org/W1511774205","https://openalex.org/W2538079512","https://openalex.org/W73166184","https://openalex.org/W605282644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"mitigate":[1],"cybersecurity":[2],"breaches,":[3],"secure":[4],"communication":[5],"is":[6,17,86,93],"crucial":[7],"for":[8,55,156,200,210,215,231],"the":[9,20,38,43,77,89,111,123,138,152,190,196,201,224],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,19,24,37,46,72],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"environment.":[14],"Data":[15],"integrity":[16,230],"one":[18,131],"most":[21],"significant":[22],"characteristics":[23],"security,":[25],"which":[26],"can":[27,220],"be":[28,221],"achieved":[29],"by":[30,109],"employing":[31],"cryptographic":[32],"hash":[33,57,203],"functions.":[34,58],"In":[35,192],"view":[36],"demand":[39,218],"from":[40],"IoT":[41,225],"applications,":[42],"National":[44],"Institute":[45],"Standards":[47],"and":[48,67,116,121,143,167],"Technology":[49],"(NIST)":[50],"initiated":[51],"a":[52,100,147,172,212],"standardization":[53,79],"process":[54],"lightweight":[56],"This":[59],"work":[60,150],"presents":[61],"field-programmable":[62],"gate":[63],"array":[64],"(FPGA)":[65],"implementations":[66,105,125,187,199,207],"carefully":[68],"worked":[69],"out":[70,108],"optimizations":[71],"four":[73],"Round-3":[74],"finalists":[75],"in":[76,95,113,130,134,171,189,217,223],"NIST":[78],"process.":[80],"A":[81],"novel":[82],"compact":[83],"PHOTON-Beetle":[84,157],"implementation":[85],"proposed":[87,124],"wherein":[88],"underlying":[90],"matrix":[91],"multiplication":[92],"executed":[94],"serialized":[96],"fashion":[97],"to":[98,136,186,227],"achieve":[99,228],"small":[101],"hardware":[102,144,154],"footprint.":[103],"Sparkle":[104,202],"are":[106,169],"carried":[107],"implementing":[110],"ARX-box":[112],"serialized,":[114],"parallelized,":[115],"hybrid":[117],"approaches.":[118],"For":[119],"Ascon":[120,166],"Xoodyak,":[122],"compute":[126],"certain":[127],"permutation":[128],"rounds":[129],"clock":[132],"cycle":[133],"order":[135],"explore":[137],"tradeoff":[139],"between":[140],"computation":[141],"time":[142],"area.":[145],"As":[146],"result,":[148],"this":[149],"achieves":[151,176],"smallest":[153],"footprint":[155],"consuming":[158],"an":[159],"area$3.4":[160],"\\times":[161,180,182],"$smaller":[162],"than":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"implementations.":[165],"Xoodyak":[168],"implemented":[170],"flexible":[173],"manner":[174],"that":[175,219],"throughput-to-area":[177],"(TP/A)":[178],"ratios$1.8":[179],"$and$3.9":[181],"$higher,":[183],"respectively,":[184],"compared":[185],"found":[188],"literature.":[191],"addition,":[193],"we":[194],"propose":[195],"first":[197],"FPGA":[198],"function.":[204],"These":[205],"efficient":[206],"provide":[208],"guidelines":[209],"choosing":[211],"suitable":[213],"architecture":[214],"applications":[216],"employed":[222],"environment":[226],"data":[229],"various":[232],"applications.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
