{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312397565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863","title":"Multihop Task Routing in UAV-Assisted Mobile-Edge Computing IoT Networks With Intelligent Reflective Surfaces","display_name":"Multihop Task Routing in UAV-Assisted Mobile-Edge Computing IoT Networks With Intelligent Reflective Surfaces","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312397565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090188752","display_name":"Yousef N. Shnaiwer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef N. Shnaiwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-4548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066796586","display_name":"Nour Kouzayha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-2737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Kouzayha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-2737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000165797","display_name":"Mudassir Masood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-7874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudassir Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department and the Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-7874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department and the Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034520384","display_name":"Megumi Kaneko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megumi Kaneko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119580","display_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98016688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"7174","last_page":"7188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8880714178085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7482100129127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6813024282455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6451980471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5979520678520203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5578480958938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5254413485527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5040704011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5022616386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4205154776573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4005450904369354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35763829946517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1608007848262787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8880714178085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7482100129127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6813024282455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6451980471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5979520678520203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5578480958938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5254413485527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5040704011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5022616386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4205154776573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4005450904369354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35763829946517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1608007848262787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3228863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/686444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/686444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3401476634","display_name":"Non-Orthogonal Resource Allocation in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks","funder_award_id":"17K06453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4791586547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OSR-2016-KKI-2899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6837562400","display_name":"Energy and Radio Resource Efficiency Optimization for 6G Smart IoT Communications","funder_award_id":"22KK0156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8369808879","display_name":"Researches on Model-aided Learning Approaches for Reliable Realtime Control in Future Wireless Systems","funder_award_id":"20H00592","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145615405","https://openalex.org/W1973454958","https://openalex.org/W1986203294","https://openalex.org/W2070147577","https://openalex.org/W2113274749","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2516316490","https://openalex.org/W2521876175","https://openalex.org/W2522123397","https://openalex.org/W2586992378","https://openalex.org/W2729225510","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2768875075","https://openalex.org/W2783222607","https://openalex.org/W2790560651","https://openalex.org/W2805337930","https://openalex.org/W2806060259","https://openalex.org/W2895667242","https://openalex.org/W2899183567","https://openalex.org/W2903254326","https://openalex.org/W2907086092","https://openalex.org/W2907417129","https://openalex.org/W2908537295","https://openalex.org/W2914261331","https://openalex.org/W2931293404","https://openalex.org/W2944519100","https://openalex.org/W2945102934","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2951034485","https://openalex.org/W2951054802","https://openalex.org/W2957703721","https://openalex.org/W2961269959","https://openalex.org/W2962943958","https://openalex.org/W2963308492","https://openalex.org/W2964052915","https://openalex.org/W2968992934","https://openalex.org/W2972268941","https://openalex.org/W2972503844","https://openalex.org/W2975807524","https://openalex.org/W2981262799","https://openalex.org/W2981726317","https://openalex.org/W2984035125","https://openalex.org/W2985168655","https://openalex.org/W2989743749","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2997604048","https://openalex.org/W2999225051","https://openalex.org/W3002033136","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3037951940","https://openalex.org/W3090573937","https://openalex.org/W3105649577","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3136774798","https://openalex.org/W3145159167","https://openalex.org/W3148946438","https://openalex.org/W3172394904","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3195966034","https://openalex.org/W4200408162","https://openalex.org/W4210751617","https://openalex.org/W4221111317","https://openalex.org/W4281739447","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755310813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3139051647","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W4221092438","https://openalex.org/W4385335479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"cooperation":[1],"between":[2],"unmanned":[3],"aerial":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(UAVs)":[6],"and":[7,41,118,136,200],"ground":[8,64,98],"mobile-edge":[9],"computing":[10],"(MEC)":[11],"servers":[12],"in":[13,67,83,204],"processing":[14],"tasks":[15,58],"is":[16,34,134,172],"becoming":[17],"one":[18],"of":[19,24,30,45,79,107,127,132,178],"the":[20,28,37,48,102,125,129,150,155,176,180,183,186,192,209],"main":[21],"research":[22],"trends":[23],"MEC":[25,65,99],"networks.":[26],"Despite":[27],"advantages":[29],"UAV-assisted":[31],"MEC,":[32],"it":[33],"restricted":[35],"by":[36],"limited":[38],"battery":[39],"capacity":[40],"sensitive":[42],"energy":[43,120,131,197],"consumption":[44,198],"UAVs.":[46],"Unlike":[47],"previous":[49],"works":[50],"where":[51],"UAVs":[52,133,184],"are":[53,164],"allowed":[54],"to":[55,63,90,96,113,143,174,208],"either":[56],"process":[57],"locally":[59],"or":[60],"offload":[61],"them":[62],"servers,":[66],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"we":[70,137],"propose":[71,138],"a":[72,85,97,139,167,201],"multihop":[73],"task":[74,116],"routing":[75],"solution":[76,142,153],"for":[77,182],"Internet":[78],"Things":[80],"(IoT)":[81],"networks":[82],"which":[84],"UAV":[86,92,103],"can":[87,104],"also":[88],"relay":[89],"another":[91],"with":[93],"better":[94],"connection":[95],"server.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101,166],"make":[105],"benefit":[106],"existing":[108],"intelligent":[109],"reflective":[110],"surfaces":[111],"(IRSs)":[112],"further":[114],"improve":[115],"offloading":[117],"reduce":[119,175],"consumption.":[121],"We":[122],"show":[123,148,190],"that":[124,149,191],"problem":[126],"minimizing":[128],"total":[130],"NP-hard,":[135],"graph-based":[140,152,210],"heuristic":[141,211],"solve":[144],"it.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"proposed":[151],"outperforms":[154],"traditional":[156],"no":[157],"UAV\u2013UAV":[158],"relaying":[159],"scheme,":[160],"especially":[161],"when":[162],"IRSs":[163],"deployed.":[165],"convolutional":[168],"neural":[169],"network":[170],"(CNN)":[171],"devised":[173],"delay":[177],"finding":[179],"decisions":[181],"at":[185],"centralized":[187],"coordinator.":[188],"Simulations":[189],"CNN":[193],"achieves":[194],"very":[195],"close":[196],"performance":[199],"remarkable":[202],"reduction":[203],"execution":[205],"time":[206],"compared":[207],"solution.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
