{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313070968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670","title":"Ranging Code Design for UAV Swarm Self-Positioning in Green Aerial IoT","display_name":"Ranging Code Design for UAV Swarm Self-Positioning in Green Aerial IoT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313070968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009336312","display_name":"Qian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-9924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077936056","display_name":"Rongke Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongke Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Shenzhen Institute, Beihang University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute, Beihang University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024354027","display_name":"Zijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013132595","display_name":"Qirui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-1471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qirui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023143622","display_name":"Lincong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lincong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009336312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76768148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"6298","last_page":"6311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7724574208259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7521464824676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.6259312629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6047730445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5753920674324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5657762885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.4999394416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3337184190750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2318955659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21454977989196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13939830660820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1069665253162384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7724574208259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7521464824676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6259312629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6047730445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5753920674324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5657762885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.4999394416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3337184190750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2318955659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21454977989196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13939830660820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1069665253162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3223670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G200244127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977728015","https://openalex.org/W2014161387","https://openalex.org/W2014877498","https://openalex.org/W2015351323","https://openalex.org/W2051093090","https://openalex.org/W2081531839","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2118015408","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2142689959","https://openalex.org/W2258127536","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2340043617","https://openalex.org/W2424756697","https://openalex.org/W2565795777","https://openalex.org/W2586992378","https://openalex.org/W2591112181","https://openalex.org/W2768437671","https://openalex.org/W2770964761","https://openalex.org/W2891206451","https://openalex.org/W2892123968","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2920933413","https://openalex.org/W2922446486","https://openalex.org/W2962751492","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2963899602","https://openalex.org/W2981830252","https://openalex.org/W2984459839","https://openalex.org/W3044242488","https://openalex.org/W3046148904","https://openalex.org/W3101399353","https://openalex.org/W3103250346","https://openalex.org/W3126231776","https://openalex.org/W3175592473","https://openalex.org/W3176962593","https://openalex.org/W3210522537","https://openalex.org/W4239066252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W2119768059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Utilizing":[0],"the":[1,41,51,55,62,65,93,106,110,120,127,132,139,148,151,155,160,163,176,191],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3,21,161,202],"vehicle":[4],"(UAV)":[5],"swarm":[6,88],"to":[7,50,104,137],"realize":[8],"location":[9,183],"awareness":[10],"of":[11,23,58,61,92,150,157,167,181],"ground":[12],"users":[13],"(GUs)":[14],"is":[15,33,170,185,195],"a":[16,28,81,196,213],"promising":[17],"technology":[18],"in":[19,36,204],"green":[20,201],"Internet":[22],"Things":[24],"(IoT)":[25],"systems.":[26],"However,":[27],"typical":[29],"UAV-based":[30],"positioning":[31,44,63,67,144,206],"system":[32,70],"frequently":[34],"applied":[35],"dense":[37],"urban":[38],"areas,":[39],"where":[40],"traditional":[42],"satellite":[43],"systems":[45],"are":[46],"severely":[47],"impaired.":[48],"Due":[49],"co-frequency":[52],"interference":[53],"and":[54,69,97,114,172,207],"inevitable":[56],"defect":[57],"limited":[59],"resources":[60],"anchors,":[64],"UAVs":[66,158,168],"ability":[68],"resource":[71,208],"utilization":[72],"suffer":[73],"serious":[74],"challenges.":[75],"In":[76,125],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"novel":[82],"ranging":[83,192],"code":[84,94,99,107,116,193],"design":[85,128,153,194],"for":[86,154,199],"UAV":[87],"self-positioning,":[89],"which":[90],"consists":[91],"truncation":[95],"algorithm":[96],"Greedy-based":[98],"group":[100,108],"optimization":[101],"algorithm,":[102],"aiming":[103],"obtain":[105],"with":[109,142,212],"optimal":[111],"correlation":[112],"characteristics":[113],"shorter":[115],"length":[117],"based":[118,173],"on":[119,159,174],"pseudo":[121],"noise":[122],"(PN)":[123],"code.":[124],"particular,":[126],"can":[129],"flexibly":[130],"change":[131],"truncated":[133],"length,":[134],"so":[135],"as":[136,210],"ensure":[138],"self-positioning":[140,156,169],"accuracy":[141],"less":[143],"resource.":[145],"To":[146],"evaluate":[147],"influence":[149],"proposed":[152],"IoT,":[162],"root-mean-square":[164],"error":[165],"(RMSE)":[166],"provided,":[171],"this,":[175],"Cramer\u2013Rao":[177],"lower":[178],"bound":[179],"(CRLB)":[180],"GUs":[182],"estimate":[184],"derived.":[186],"Numerical":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"that":[190],"superior":[197],"way":[198],"future":[200],"IoT":[203],"both":[205],"utilization,":[209],"compared":[211],"state-of-the-art":[214],"approach.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}