{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313181981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382","title":"Blockchain IOTA Sharding-Based Scalable Secure Group Communication in Large VANETs","display_name":"Blockchain IOTA Sharding-Based Scalable Secure Group Communication in Large VANETs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313181981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058248739","display_name":"Vankamamidi S. Naresh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-9041"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vankamamidi S. Naresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Tadepalligudeam, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Tadepalligudeam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111120331","display_name":"V. V. L. Divakar Allavarpu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. V. L. Divakar Allavarpu","raw_affiliation_strings":["FinTech Academy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), GITAM School of Business, Visakhapatnam, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FinTech Academy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), GITAM School of Business, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057180395","display_name":"Sivaranjani Reddi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156205","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam","ror":"https://ror.org/05v3hkt95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156205"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivaranjani Reddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Science, Visakhapatnam, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Science, Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058248739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89346283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"5205","last_page":"5213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6528425216674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5572350025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5447945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-key","display_name":"Group key","score":0.5288556218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4778425395488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.460472047328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-in-small-groups","display_name":"Communication in small groups","score":0.4468654990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.44565439224243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.430886447429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42726510763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4087122976779938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3658393621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31568652391433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.26901304721832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21114838123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09910348057746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.08830487728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07692679762840271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6528425216674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5572350025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5447945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777513581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611239","display_name":"Group key","level":3,"score":0.5288556218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4778425395488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.460472047328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44871818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154139","display_name":"Communication in small groups","level":2,"score":0.4468654990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.44565439224243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.430886447429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42726510763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4087122976779938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3658393621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31568652391433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.26901304721832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21114838123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09910348057746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.08830487728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07692679762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3222382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006528490","https://openalex.org/W2080723908","https://openalex.org/W2171456613","https://openalex.org/W2466821819","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2885171760","https://openalex.org/W2888779032","https://openalex.org/W2935728116","https://openalex.org/W2964635667","https://openalex.org/W2969565105","https://openalex.org/W2980828401","https://openalex.org/W2998050305","https://openalex.org/W3003693158","https://openalex.org/W3020607937","https://openalex.org/W3029410543","https://openalex.org/W3032330964","https://openalex.org/W3045925054","https://openalex.org/W3097963446","https://openalex.org/W3118436442","https://openalex.org/W3130714525","https://openalex.org/W3132329334","https://openalex.org/W3157394202","https://openalex.org/W3158133644","https://openalex.org/W4205426993","https://openalex.org/W4211089274","https://openalex.org/W4287634179","https://openalex.org/W4289315021","https://openalex.org/W4297797041","https://openalex.org/W6736994078","https://openalex.org/W6773291447","https://openalex.org/W6784324637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W2027487876","https://openalex.org/W2742453577","https://openalex.org/W3214341017","https://openalex.org/W1501611059","https://openalex.org/W2069665417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,172],"advent":[1],"of":[2,60,72],"group-oriented":[3],"communication":[4,12,181],"applications":[5],"has":[6],"triggered":[7],"research":[8],"on":[9],"secure":[10,180],"group":[11,73,76],"(SGC)":[13],"in":[14,25,57,84,99,182],"vehicular":[15],"ad":[16],"hoc":[17],"networks":[18],"(VANETs).":[19],"Given":[20],"this,":[21],"some":[22],"researchers":[23],"worked":[24],"this":[26,103],"area":[27],"and":[28,39,50,69,158],"proposed":[29,165],"various":[30],"schemes.":[31],"However,":[32],"these":[33,82],"systems":[34],"lacking":[35],"the":[36,55,58,107,152,164,176,187],"dynamic":[37],"nature,":[38],"struggling":[40],"with":[41,54,123],"larger":[42],"processing":[43,67],"loads,":[44],"enormous":[45],"storage,":[46],"increased":[47],"communications,":[48,87],"security,":[49],"privacy":[51],"concerns.":[52],"Further,":[53],"increase":[56],"size":[59],"VANET,":[61],"it":[62],"is":[63,167],"challenging":[64],"to":[65,147,169,186],"manage":[66],"loads":[68],"storage":[70],"requirements":[71],"controller":[74],"(GC)-centric":[75],"key":[77],"agreement":[78],"(GKA).":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"drawbacks":[83],"existing":[85],"VANET":[86],"we":[88,105],"propose":[89],"a":[90],"blockchain":[91,120],"IOTA":[92],"sharding-based":[93],"smart":[94,134],"contract-centric":[95],"GKA":[96],"for":[97,179],"SGC":[98],"large":[100,183],"VANETs.":[101],"In":[102],"scheme,":[104],"partition":[106],"main":[108],"network":[109],"into":[110],"<inline-formula":[111,124],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[112,125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[113,126],"<tex-math":[114,127],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${r}$":[115],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[116,132],"sharded":[117],"subnetworks":[118],"using":[119],"sharding":[121],"technique,":[122],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$G_{1},":[128],"G_{2},":[129],"G_{3},\\ldots,":[130],"G_{r}$":[131],"as":[133,144],"contract":[135],"(SC)":[136],"instances":[137],"generated":[138],"by":[139],"GC,":[140],"G,":[141],"which":[142],"functions":[143],"Sub-GC":[145],"(Sub-GC)":[146],"their":[148],"respective":[149],"shards.":[150],"Under":[151],"Elliptic":[153],"curve":[154,160],"decision":[155],"Diffie\u2013Hellman":[156],"(ECDDH)":[157],"group-Elliptic":[159],"Diffie-Hellman":[161],"(GECCDH)":[162],"assumptions,":[163],"protocol":[166,174],"proven":[168],"be":[170],"secure.":[171],"suggested":[173],"outperforms":[175],"other":[177],"protocols":[178],"VANETs,":[184],"according":[185],"performance":[188],"analysis.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}