{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296079598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432","title":"Delay Minimization for NOMA-mmW Scheme-Based MEC Offloading","display_name":"Delay Minimization for NOMA-mmW Scheme-Based MEC Offloading","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296079598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073757951","display_name":"Jia Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-9014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698856","display_name":"Yifan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-4740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-4740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697315","display_name":"Zan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008547570","display_name":"Zhongling Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-383X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongling Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-383X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051251573","display_name":"Zheng Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC and 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC and 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC and 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC and 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073757951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94475249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"2285","last_page":"2296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.8147286176681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7928177118301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.6636427640914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5255421996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4974808990955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.48999276757240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4518999755382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4190300405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34606483578681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.34401893615722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34022676944732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.24793744087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14978563785552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.1362188756465912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10114994645118713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.8147286176681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928177118301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.6636427640914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5255421996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4974808990955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.48999276757240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4518999755382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4190300405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34606483578681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.34401893615722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34022676944732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.24793744087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14978563785552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.1362188756465912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10114994645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3206432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11167170670002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1898478655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324121006017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2379865914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5359172050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JB210109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5362295611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449388699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P03456X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7356835731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7373489155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN22-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590828533","https://openalex.org/W2609394912","https://openalex.org/W2613625031","https://openalex.org/W2729364189","https://openalex.org/W2772709146","https://openalex.org/W2784951742","https://openalex.org/W2807811101","https://openalex.org/W2895746095","https://openalex.org/W2963335382","https://openalex.org/W2963596188","https://openalex.org/W2985230321","https://openalex.org/W2989463999","https://openalex.org/W2989743749","https://openalex.org/W2989871952","https://openalex.org/W2991268436","https://openalex.org/W2999380984","https://openalex.org/W3040752577","https://openalex.org/W3045666357","https://openalex.org/W3082278499","https://openalex.org/W3089072101","https://openalex.org/W3098522638","https://openalex.org/W3101855696","https://openalex.org/W3102167156","https://openalex.org/W3106302305","https://openalex.org/W3119460354","https://openalex.org/W3120715032","https://openalex.org/W3121039260","https://openalex.org/W3132316331","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3152873059","https://openalex.org/W3163173972","https://openalex.org/W3169599909","https://openalex.org/W3178135106","https://openalex.org/W3192851879","https://openalex.org/W3193804826","https://openalex.org/W3201870572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293822216","https://openalex.org/W4318262205","https://openalex.org/W3007170335","https://openalex.org/W3114372513","https://openalex.org/W4381744901","https://openalex.org/W4297776116","https://openalex.org/W3164284189","https://openalex.org/W2163043527","https://openalex.org/W2611631300","https://openalex.org/W1987882110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Upon":[0,135],"exploiting":[1],"massive":[2],"spectrum":[3],"resources,":[4],"millimeter-wave":[5],"(mmW)":[6],"communication":[7],"can":[8,184],"significantly":[9,185],"improve":[10],"the":[11,20,39,44,60,64,70,81,92,103,107,112,122,127,136,141,151,158,166,169,175,187,191,203,215,222],"transmission":[12,210],"rate":[13],"of":[14,63,87,130,133,168,225],"mobile-edge":[15],"computing":[16],"(MEC)":[17],"offloading,":[18,66],"whereas":[19],"directional":[21],"mmW":[22,50],"links":[23],"are":[24],"constrained":[25],"by":[26,67],"shrunk":[27],"beam":[28,35,206],"coverage":[29],"and":[30,76,144,154,181,209],"demand":[31],"extra":[32],"phase":[33],"for":[34,126,157,221],"alignment.":[36],"To":[37,79],"enhance":[38],"accessing":[40],"efficiency,":[41],"we":[42,90,110,138,194],"develop":[43,91],"nonorthogonal":[45],"multiple":[46],"access":[47],"(NOMA)":[48],"scheme-based":[49],"MEC":[51,65,159,227],"mechanism,":[52],"namely,":[53,99],"NOMA-mmW":[54,226],"MEC,":[55],"therefore":[56],"motivating":[57],"to":[58,101,120,200],"minimize":[59],"average":[61],"delay":[62,88],"jointly":[68],"optimizing":[69],"beamwidth,":[71],"user":[72],"equipment":[73],"(UE)":[74],"scheduling,":[75],"transmit":[77,145,155],"power.":[78],"tackle":[80],"mixed-integer":[82],"nonlinear":[83],"programming":[84],"(MINLP)":[85],"problem":[86],"minimization,":[89],"alternative":[93],"optimization":[94],"(AO)":[95],"approach-based":[96],"RA":[97],"scheme,":[98,109],"AO-RA,":[100],"obtain":[102],"close-optimum":[104],"solutions.":[105],"In":[106],"AO-RA":[108,171],"propose":[111],"matrix":[113],"control":[114],"many-to-one":[115],"with":[116],"externality":[117],"(MC-M2OE)":[118],"algorithm,":[119,148],"find":[121],"best":[123],"UE":[124],"scheduling":[125],"NOMA":[128,219],"groupings":[129],"different":[131,218],"types":[132],"UEs.":[134],"above,":[137],"further":[139],"design":[140],"joint":[142],"beamwidth":[143,153],"power":[146,156],"(JBTP)":[147],"which":[149],"determines":[150],"optimal":[152],"offloading":[160,176],"transmissions.":[161],"Our":[162],"simulation":[163,192],"results":[164],"show":[165],"effectiveness":[167],"proposed":[170],"scheme":[172],"in":[173],"minimizing":[174],"delay,":[177],"where":[178],"our":[179],"MC-M2OE":[180],"JBTP":[182],"algorithms":[183],"outperform":[186],"existing":[188],"approaches.":[189],"From":[190],"results,":[193],"may":[195],"conclude":[196],"that":[197],"it":[198],"needs":[199],"carefully":[201],"address":[202],"tradeoff":[204],"between":[205],"alignment":[207],"overhead":[208],"gain":[211],"while":[212],"properly":[213],"balancing":[214],"loading":[216],"among":[217],"groups,":[220],"practical":[223],"consideration":[224],"technology.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}