{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294811438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267","title":"3-D Positioning Method for Anonymous UAV Based on Bistatic Polarized MIMO Radar","display_name":"3-D Positioning Method for Anonymous UAV Based on Bistatic Polarized MIMO Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294811438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025764540","display_name":"Fangqing Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-4326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161350542","display_name":"China Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/0419nfc77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Technology and the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-4326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Technology and the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063149968","display_name":"Junpeng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-0663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Countermeasure, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-0663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Countermeasure, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027367677","display_name":"Guan Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026448728","display_name":"Haris Gacanin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Gacanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-8883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.1686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99812358,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"815","last_page":"827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7182276248931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.6040014028549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5864807367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5048869252204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48898494243621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.48519542813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4785647690296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.41779983043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2096344232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16258767247200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15798115730285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1509438157081604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7182276248931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.6040014028549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5864807367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5048869252204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48898494243621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.48519542813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4785647690296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41779983043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2096344232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16258767247200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15798115730285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1509438157081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3204267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2113292069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3338179188","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f20\u91cf\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u9635\u5217MIMO\u96f7\u8fbe\u6d4b\u5411\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101466088","https://openalex.org/W1482632304","https://openalex.org/W2000324759","https://openalex.org/W2003798425","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2101641981","https://openalex.org/W2118631481","https://openalex.org/W2128657381","https://openalex.org/W2129679936","https://openalex.org/W2139419267","https://openalex.org/W2140262081","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2166494464","https://openalex.org/W2527403758","https://openalex.org/W2774391358","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2792026079","https://openalex.org/W2807791318","https://openalex.org/W2905904587","https://openalex.org/W2921062571","https://openalex.org/W2956896481","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2992047026","https://openalex.org/W3006541201","https://openalex.org/W3010408016","https://openalex.org/W3012032281","https://openalex.org/W3013941712","https://openalex.org/W3033158194","https://openalex.org/W3088434242","https://openalex.org/W3120384044","https://openalex.org/W3120978713","https://openalex.org/W3122595464","https://openalex.org/W3146703290","https://openalex.org/W3156553470","https://openalex.org/W3170485195","https://openalex.org/W3212748215","https://openalex.org/W3216582455","https://openalex.org/W4206739656","https://openalex.org/W4226327168","https://openalex.org/W4244323842","https://openalex.org/W4292825899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004765814","https://openalex.org/W2950419692","https://openalex.org/W1636544497","https://openalex.org/W2034611846","https://openalex.org/W2051186205","https://openalex.org/W2124163150","https://openalex.org/W2545704177","https://openalex.org/W2554356744","https://openalex.org/W2059918983","https://openalex.org/W2187902722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158],"Angle-of-Arrival":[1],"(AoA)-based":[2],"approach":[3],"is":[4,37,62,77,99,161,165,173],"an":[5],"appealing":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8,28],"unmanned":[9],"aerial":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(UAV)":[12],"positioning,":[13,32],"and":[14,45,113,127,151,164],"has":[15],"received":[16],"significant":[17],"interest":[18],"recently.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"article,":[22],"we":[23],"propose":[24],"a":[25,48,103],"novel":[26],"framework":[27,160,186],"UAV":[29],"three-dimensional":[30],"(3-D)":[31],"the":[33,40,55,59,72,82,87,91,95,110,117,123,128,134,138,144,148,152,176,179,184],"core":[34],"of":[35,90,116,137,154,167,178],"which":[36,109],"to":[38,101,175,195],"measure":[39],"two-dimensional":[41],"(2-D)":[42],"Angle-of-Departure":[43],"(2D-AoD)":[44],"2D-AoA":[46],"via":[47,85,121,143],"bistatic":[49],"multiple-input":[50],"multiple-output":[51],"(MIMO)":[52],"radar.":[53],"Unlike":[54],"existing":[56],"positioning":[57,168],"architectures,":[58],"MIMO":[60],"radar":[61],"equipped":[63],"with":[64],"polarized":[65],"array":[66,92],"antennas.":[67,190],"An":[68],"estimator":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"parallel":[73],"factor":[74],"(PARAFAC)":[75],"decomposition":[76,89],"developed.":[78],"It":[79],"first":[80],"obtains":[81],"direction":[83],"matrices":[84],"performing":[86],"PARAFAC":[88],"data.":[93],"Thereafter,":[94],"rotational":[96],"invariance":[97],"characteristic":[98],"utilized":[100],"form":[102],"normalized":[104],"polarization":[105,114],"response":[106],"vector,":[107],"from":[108],"2D-AoD,":[111,149],"2D-AoA,":[112,150],"status":[115],"UAVs":[118,139],"are":[119,140,193],"achieved":[120],"incorporating":[122],"vector":[124],"cross-product":[125],"method":[126],"least":[129],"squares":[130],"(LSs)":[131],"technique.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"3-D":[135],"positions":[136],"easily":[141],"calculated":[142],"location":[145],"relationship":[146],"between":[147],"coordinates":[153],"transmitting/receiving":[155],"(Tx/Rx)":[156],"array.":[157],"proposed":[159,185],"computationally":[162],"friendly,":[163],"capable":[166],"anonymous":[169],"UAV.":[170],"Moreover,":[171],"it":[172],"insensitive":[174],"geometry":[177],"Tx/Rx":[180,189],"array,":[181],"indicating":[182],"that":[183],"supports":[187],"configurable":[188],"Simulation":[191],"results":[192],"provided":[194],"verify":[196],"our":[197],"theoretical":[198],"advantages.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
