{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293370956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877","title":"Building Occupancy Detection and Localization Using CCTV Camera and Deep Learning","display_name":"Building Occupancy Detection and Localization Using CCTV Camera and Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293370956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058269593","display_name":"Shushan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shushan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-2875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101813587","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0397-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006266975","display_name":"Cathal Hoare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-7269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathal Hoare","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061639983","display_name":"James O\u2019Donnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James O'Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94986149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"597","last_page":"608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.8523792028427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7226384878158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6157437562942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5678558349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5289637446403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.48268556594848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy-grid-mapping","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","score":0.4240993857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27735158801078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.20782685279846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09192323684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.08775082230567932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.8523792028427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7226384878158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6157437562942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5678558349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5289637446403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.48268556594848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57077369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075747","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","level":4,"score":0.4240993857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27735158801078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.20782685279846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09192323684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.08775082230567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3201877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/26151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/26151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G324800219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7394574325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI 20/US/3695","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2020485207","https://openalex.org/W2024336082","https://openalex.org/W2036333160","https://openalex.org/W2063754791","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2601071020","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2737408310","https://openalex.org/W2755092530","https://openalex.org/W2795362263","https://openalex.org/W2800024193","https://openalex.org/W2887576841","https://openalex.org/W2892374186","https://openalex.org/W2911774322","https://openalex.org/W2912386632","https://openalex.org/W2938652275","https://openalex.org/W2953171230","https://openalex.org/W2963726920","https://openalex.org/W2974232099","https://openalex.org/W2976133337","https://openalex.org/W2983410907","https://openalex.org/W2986631711","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W2997876070","https://openalex.org/W3006408325","https://openalex.org/W3011126096","https://openalex.org/W3011646287","https://openalex.org/W3035040013","https://openalex.org/W3037631072","https://openalex.org/W3047207110","https://openalex.org/W3119067758","https://openalex.org/W3126796721","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3157284254","https://openalex.org/W3162079807","https://openalex.org/W3166926185","https://openalex.org/W3176791076","https://openalex.org/W6777046832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162255319","https://openalex.org/W3033776171","https://openalex.org/W1999050017","https://openalex.org/W5037887","https://openalex.org/W4229444815","https://openalex.org/W4293877624","https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W4320729701","https://openalex.org/W4254103348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Occupancy":[0],"information":[1],"plays":[2],"a":[3,23,57,70,89,122,145,153,184],"key":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,25,32,35,102],"analyzing":[7],"and":[8,61,98,114,130,137,140,160],"improving":[9],"building":[10,27,76],"energy":[11],"performance.":[12],"The":[13,118,149],"advances":[14],"of":[15,17,59,96,107,177],"Internet":[16],"Things":[18],"(IoT)":[19],"technologies":[20],"have":[21,164],"engendered":[22],"shift":[24],"measuring":[26],"occupancy":[28,47,77,116],"with":[29,56,157,180,200],"IoT":[30],"sensors,":[31],"which":[33,163],"cameras":[34],"closed-circuit":[36],"television":[37],"(CCTV)":[38],"systems":[39],"can":[40],"provide":[41],"richer":[42],"measurements.":[43],"However,":[44],"existing":[45],"camera-based":[46],"detection":[48,78,155,175,196],"approaches":[49],"cannot":[50],"function":[51],"well":[52],"when":[53,198],"scanning":[54],"videos":[55,182],"number":[58,95],"occupants":[60,97],"determining":[62],"occupants\u2019":[63],"locations.":[64],"This":[65,104],"article":[66],"aims":[67],"to":[68,92,127,134],"develop":[69],"novel":[71],"deep-learning-based":[72],"approach":[73,179,192],"for":[74],"better":[75],"based":[79],"on":[80],"CCTV":[81,181],"cameras.":[82],"To":[83],"do":[84],"so,":[85],"this":[86],"research":[87],"proposes":[88],"deep-learning":[90],"model":[91,105],"detect":[93],"the":[94,174,178,191,194],"determine":[99],"their":[100],"locations":[101],"videos.":[103],"consists":[106],"two":[108],"main":[109],"modules,":[110],"namely,":[111],"feature":[112,142,147],"extraction":[113],"three-stage":[115,154],"detection.":[117],"first":[119],"module":[120,151],"presents":[121],"deep":[123],"convolutional":[124,132],"neural":[125],"network":[126],"perform":[128],"residual":[129],"multibranch":[131],"calculation":[133],"extract":[135],"shallow":[136],"semantic":[138],"features,":[139],"constructs":[141],"pyramids":[143],"through":[144],"bidirectional":[146],"network.":[148],"second":[150],"performs":[152],"procedure":[156],"three":[158],"sequential":[159],"homogeneous":[161],"detectors":[162],"increasing":[165],"Intersection":[166],"over":[167],"Union":[168],"(IoU)":[169],"thresholds.":[170],"Empirical":[171],"experiments":[172],"evaluate":[173],"performance":[176,197],"from":[183],"university":[185],"building.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"achieves":[193],"superior":[195],"compared":[199],"baseline":[201],"models.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
