{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298133031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323","title":"Complexity Measures for IoT Network Traffic","display_name":"Complexity Measures for IoT Network Traffic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298133031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078629208","display_name":"Lisa Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-9976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-9976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003507463","display_name":"Daryl Essam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-7079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daryl Essam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-7079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052257130","display_name":"Timothy Lynar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Lynar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-5658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82803617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"24","first_page":"25715","last_page":"25735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8334506750106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5757251977920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5305201411247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.5174908638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.4730745255947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4702436029911041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.45800068974494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43234705924987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-shaping","display_name":"Traffic shaping","score":0.41494977474212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.41148796677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.35609519481658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27771472930908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.173568457365036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16529053449630737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14602109789848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.10048279166221619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8334506750106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5757251977920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5305201411247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5174908638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.4730745255947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4702436029911041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.45800068974494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43234705924987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262550","display_name":"Traffic shaping","level":4,"score":0.41494977474212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.41148796677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.35609519481658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27771472930908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.173568457365036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16529053449630737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14602109789848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.10048279166221619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3197323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28713011","https://openalex.org/W1776514298","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1821364614","https://openalex.org/W1970794515","https://openalex.org/W1980838915","https://openalex.org/W2032297473","https://openalex.org/W2054632425","https://openalex.org/W2069934876","https://openalex.org/W2077442291","https://openalex.org/W2077770566","https://openalex.org/W2083977104","https://openalex.org/W2093590637","https://openalex.org/W2105818147","https://openalex.org/W2106375138","https://openalex.org/W2107268314","https://openalex.org/W2117152787","https://openalex.org/W2128957129","https://openalex.org/W2131363888","https://openalex.org/W2134255060","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2137478377","https://openalex.org/W2148212971","https://openalex.org/W2150847526","https://openalex.org/W2153818479","https://openalex.org/W2156539519","https://openalex.org/W2158335989","https://openalex.org/W2159048618","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2270192120","https://openalex.org/W2404510896","https://openalex.org/W2464380181","https://openalex.org/W2601173537","https://openalex.org/W2625036885","https://openalex.org/W2765983482","https://openalex.org/W2790100948","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2806344036","https://openalex.org/W2888505697","https://openalex.org/W2912944782","https://openalex.org/W2919562786","https://openalex.org/W2921669466","https://openalex.org/W2930144424","https://openalex.org/W2946839123","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2972935812","https://openalex.org/W2982426954","https://openalex.org/W2995589933","https://openalex.org/W2996276701","https://openalex.org/W3001065717","https://openalex.org/W3004207920","https://openalex.org/W3005645561","https://openalex.org/W3009266654","https://openalex.org/W3010082990","https://openalex.org/W3013847298","https://openalex.org/W3015181824","https://openalex.org/W3088825482","https://openalex.org/W3122791964","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3124816661","https://openalex.org/W3130239888","https://openalex.org/W3130521162","https://openalex.org/W3130527638","https://openalex.org/W3161174103","https://openalex.org/W3181434667","https://openalex.org/W3197041291","https://openalex.org/W3213600522","https://openalex.org/W4205820967","https://openalex.org/W4221002483","https://openalex.org/W4235998094","https://openalex.org/W4242401062","https://openalex.org/W4246524285","https://openalex.org/W4256632036","https://openalex.org/W4287761514","https://openalex.org/W6638553889","https://openalex.org/W6713723272","https://openalex.org/W6739567220","https://openalex.org/W6757264462","https://openalex.org/W6779823015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2490010379","https://openalex.org/W2114472740","https://openalex.org/W2374980776","https://openalex.org/W2138225277","https://openalex.org/W2060036720","https://openalex.org/W2362416893","https://openalex.org/W2147668000","https://openalex.org/W2612238703","https://openalex.org/W1989713315","https://openalex.org/W1993870076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,183],"coming":[1],"era":[2],"of":[3,6,8,15,22,47,69,89,108,120,132,145,148,159,178,198],"widespread":[4],"integration":[5],"Internet":[7],"Things":[9],"(IoT)":[10],"devices":[11],"to":[12,30,34,78,173],"all":[13,213],"areas":[14],"society":[16],"has":[17],"facilitated":[18],"a":[19,134,169,175,196,201,239],"fundamental":[20],"transformation":[21],"local":[23],"and":[24,39,67,141,180,222],"global":[25],"communication":[26],"networks,":[27],"giving":[28],"rise":[29],"novel":[31,127,170],"issues":[32],"relating":[33],"capacity":[35],"planning,":[36],"network":[37,42,100,161],"administration,":[38],"cybersecurity.":[40],"Accurate":[41],"traffic":[43,80,101,111,122,162],"prediction":[44],"is":[45,123],"one":[46],"the":[48,61,87,106,118,129,143,149,189],"key":[49],"enablers":[50],"for":[51,59,86,97,195,242],"addressing":[52],"these":[53,154],"challenges.":[54],"While":[55],"there":[56],"are":[57,103,164],"methods":[58],"quantifying":[60],"complexity":[62,95,119,163],"(predictability":[63],"in":[64,137,142,215,245],"timing,":[65],"shape,":[66],"volume)":[68],"wide-scale":[70],"aggregate":[71],"traffic,":[72,99],"they":[73,82],"cannot":[74],"be":[75],"directly":[76],"applied":[77],"IoT":[79,90,98,109,121,160],"as":[81],"do":[83],"not":[84],"account":[85],"heterogeneity":[88],"devices.":[91],"Lacking":[92],"an":[93],"effective":[94],"characterization":[96],"administrators":[102],"under-informed":[104],"on":[105,112,153],"impacts":[107],"device-type":[110],"their":[113,243],"networks.":[114],"In":[115,200],"this":[116],"work,":[117],"examined":[124],"from":[125],"two":[126,156],"perspectives,":[128,155],"information-theoretic":[130],"approach":[131],"Lempel\u2013Ziv,":[133],"foundational":[135],"algorithm":[136],"lossless":[138],"data":[139],"compression,":[140],"distribution":[144],"spectral":[146],"components":[147],"Fourier":[150],"transform.":[151],"Based":[152],"new":[157,179,184,190],"measures":[158],"proposed.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"we":[167],"introduce":[168],"mathematical":[171],"framework":[172,185],"permit":[174],"formal":[176],"comparison":[177],"existing":[181,210,236],"methods.":[182],"additionally":[186],"verifies":[187],"that":[188],"metrics":[191],"satisfy":[192],"desirable":[193],"properties":[194],"measure":[197],"complexity.":[199],"comprehensive":[202],"empirical":[203],"study,":[204],"our":[205],"results,":[206],"when":[207],"compared":[208],"with":[209],"approaches,":[211,237],"exceed":[212],"others":[214],"behavioral":[216],"resolution,":[217],"convergence":[218],"rate,":[219],"physical":[220],"interpretability,":[221],"algorithmic":[223],"stability,":[224],"under":[225],"severely":[226],"heterogeneous":[227],"conditions.":[228],"Benchmark":[229],"experiments":[230],"demonstrate":[231],"substantial":[232],"run-time":[233],"improvements":[234],"over":[235],"creating":[238],"strong":[240],"case":[241],"use":[244],"online,":[246],"real-time":[247],"settings.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
