{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285025827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832","title":"An Adaptive QoS and Trust-Based Lightweight Secure Routing Algorithm for WSNs","display_name":"An Adaptive QoS and Trust-Based Lightweight Secure Routing Algorithm for WSNs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285025827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041601766","display_name":"Aditya Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-9873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-9873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014343610","display_name":"Irfan Al\u2010Anbagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-7976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Al-Anbagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-7976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072651122","display_name":"Howard J. Hamilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-0980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard J. Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-0980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041601766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97056609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"23","first_page":"23826","last_page":"23840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8512489795684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7048212289810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6445367336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5495355725288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5382703542709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.5126792192459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4942305386066437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.44568315148353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4285505414009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4226033091545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2180950939655304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8512489795684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7048212289810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6445367336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5495355725288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5382703542709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.5126792192459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4942305386066437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.44568315148353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4285505414009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4226033091545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2180950939655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3189832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1801849579","https://openalex.org/W2062990420","https://openalex.org/W2092160570","https://openalex.org/W2095410210","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2144161535","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2167219836","https://openalex.org/W2169484333","https://openalex.org/W2279777762","https://openalex.org/W2305409997","https://openalex.org/W2490830148","https://openalex.org/W2563698505","https://openalex.org/W2604152818","https://openalex.org/W2802058671","https://openalex.org/W2972233456","https://openalex.org/W2983719488","https://openalex.org/W2986455874","https://openalex.org/W2990551732","https://openalex.org/W2996931958","https://openalex.org/W3000751258","https://openalex.org/W3005353545","https://openalex.org/W3007135916","https://openalex.org/W3012559367","https://openalex.org/W3013451023","https://openalex.org/W3039684673","https://openalex.org/W3082068260","https://openalex.org/W3111603885","https://openalex.org/W3118760788","https://openalex.org/W3135881673","https://openalex.org/W3156298172","https://openalex.org/W3205493658","https://openalex.org/W6775653517","https://openalex.org/W6802055755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727311809","https://openalex.org/W2182624400","https://openalex.org/W2767428579","https://openalex.org/W2365800168","https://openalex.org/W1992807692","https://openalex.org/W2078492738","https://openalex.org/W3014549013","https://openalex.org/W2366876790","https://openalex.org/W1971984784","https://openalex.org/W4366203707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"limited":[1],"resources":[2,25],"and":[3,59,115,152,168,171,211,240],"low":[4],"computational":[5],"power":[6],"of":[7,31,50,73,89,92,100,225],"wireless":[8],"sensor":[9,187],"networks":[10],"(WSNs)":[11],"make":[12],"them":[13],"vulnerable":[14],"to":[15,26,34,79,86,126,182,189,215,228],"various":[16],"security":[17,20,55,147,212],"attacks.":[18],"Conventional":[19],"mechanisms":[21],"require":[22],"too":[23],"many":[24],"allow":[27],"the":[28,71,81,90,132,191,220],"reliable":[29],"operation":[30],"WSNs":[32,43,63,128],"due":[33],"their":[35],"resource-constrained":[36],"nature.":[37],"In":[38,105],"addition,":[39],"multihop":[40],"communication":[41],"in":[42,62,223],"creates":[44],"a":[45,77,110,117,160],"requirement":[46],"for":[47],"guaranteed":[48],"Quality":[49],"Service":[51],"(QoS).":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"providing":[54],"while":[56],"maintaining":[57],"QoS":[58,158],"energy":[60,226],"efficiency":[61],"are":[64],"important":[65],"design":[66],"considerations.":[67],"To":[68],"further":[69],"increase":[70],"performance":[72],"WSNs,":[74],"there":[75],"is":[76,97],"need":[78],"overcome":[80],"energy-hole":[82,95],"problem,":[83],"which":[84],"leads":[85],"poor":[87,102],"coverage":[88],"field":[91],"interest.":[93],"An":[94],"problem":[96,114],"created":[98],"because":[99],"using":[101],"deployment":[103,162],"strategies.":[104],"this":[106],"article,":[107],"we":[108],"define":[109],"multiobjective":[111,133,192],"WSN":[112,134,193],"optimization":[113,135,143,194],"present":[116],"novel":[118],"algorithm":[119,139],"known":[120],"as":[121],"lightweight":[122],"secure":[123],"routing":[124,238],"(LSR)":[125],"manage":[127],"that":[129,176,217],"directly":[130],"addresses":[131],"problem.":[136,195],"Our":[137],"LSR":[138,218],"uses":[140,177],"ant":[141],"colony":[142],"(ACO),":[144],"an":[145,156,172,178],"adaptive":[146,157,173],"model":[148,163,175,206],"based":[149,164],"on":[150,165],"direct":[151],"indirect":[153],"trust":[154,205,230,232],"calculations,":[155],"model,":[159],"hybrid":[161],"2-D":[166],"Gaussian":[167],"uniform":[169],"distributions,":[170],"connectivity":[174,185],"appropriate":[179],"communicational":[180],"radius":[181],"ensure":[183],"high":[184],"between":[186],"nodes":[188],"solve":[190],"We":[196],"divide":[197],"our":[198],"simulation":[199],"results":[200],"into":[201],"three":[202],"analyses,":[203],"namely,":[204],"analysis,":[207,210],"network":[208,235],"scalability":[209],"risk":[213],"analysis":[214],"show":[216],"outperforms":[219],"existing":[221],"techniques":[222],"terms":[224],"consumed":[227],"calculate":[229],"values,":[231],"values":[233],"convergence,":[234],"lifetime,":[236],"average":[237],"delay,":[239],"packet":[241],"delivery":[242],"ratio.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
