{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285128911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142","title":"FGOR: Flow-Guided Opportunistic Routing for Intrabody Nanonetworks","display_name":"FGOR: Flow-Guided Opportunistic Routing for Intrabody Nanonetworks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285128911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028576346","display_name":"Xin\u2010Wei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-3165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Wei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and the Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and the Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074616001","display_name":"Yi-wei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008220543","display_name":"Yi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2046-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064177459","display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-9337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067055460","display_name":"Josep Miquel Jornet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6351-1754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep M. Jornet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028576346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80948508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"21","first_page":"21765","last_page":"21776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8002704381942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5893468856811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4678920805454254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.41138702630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32134729623794556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8002704381942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5893468856811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4678920805454254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41138702630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32134729623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3182142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4923767814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1889199574","https://openalex.org/W1974254096","https://openalex.org/W1975136868","https://openalex.org/W2006692261","https://openalex.org/W2009114917","https://openalex.org/W2051871299","https://openalex.org/W2054610455","https://openalex.org/W2088776590","https://openalex.org/W2096392308","https://openalex.org/W2105259763","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2116194016","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2134614485","https://openalex.org/W2139136790","https://openalex.org/W2160851491","https://openalex.org/W2188570580","https://openalex.org/W2332887124","https://openalex.org/W2471130821","https://openalex.org/W2506800801","https://openalex.org/W2525385824","https://openalex.org/W2556933678","https://openalex.org/W2571493106","https://openalex.org/W2572495959","https://openalex.org/W2628477337","https://openalex.org/W2735969148","https://openalex.org/W2738889039","https://openalex.org/W2756799118","https://openalex.org/W2768876549","https://openalex.org/W2782683431","https://openalex.org/W2789281212","https://openalex.org/W2790004045","https://openalex.org/W2800562664","https://openalex.org/W2808310170","https://openalex.org/W2847814419","https://openalex.org/W2886555414","https://openalex.org/W2888812809","https://openalex.org/W2889024513","https://openalex.org/W2889460708","https://openalex.org/W2890138225","https://openalex.org/W2913603666","https://openalex.org/W2924313687","https://openalex.org/W2957877163","https://openalex.org/W2983914828","https://openalex.org/W2998738255","https://openalex.org/W3010125421","https://openalex.org/W3035846423","https://openalex.org/W3040449362","https://openalex.org/W3043222371","https://openalex.org/W3097962177","https://openalex.org/W3184087412","https://openalex.org/W4250179595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,170],"advancement":[1],"of":[2,12,82,104,184,209,229,240],"nano":[3,48,50,59,67,113],"communication":[4],"has":[5],"opened":[6],"the":[7,10,64,76,80,97,101,112,136,145,150,153,167,198,202,207,214,219,222,237],"door":[8],"for":[9,31,44,138,190],"development":[11],"intrabody":[13,32,45,105,210],"medical":[14],"application":[15],"services.":[16],"Flow-guided":[17],"nano-communication":[18],"networks":[19],"have":[20],"gained":[21],"major":[22],"attraction":[23],"in":[24,85,107,227],"recent":[25],"years":[26],"as":[27],"an":[28,90],"effective":[29],"solution":[30],"sensing":[33],"and":[34,52,99,143,181,204,231],"actuation.":[35],"This":[36],"article":[37],"builds":[38],"a":[39,87,108,117,127,159],"three-layer":[40],"vertical":[41],"network":[42],"structure":[43],"nanonetworks,":[46],"i.e.,":[47],"nodes,":[49],"routers,":[51],"gateway,":[53],"where":[54,111],"data":[55,77],"packets":[56],"generated":[57],"by":[58,212],"nodes":[60,172,185],"are":[61,115,173],"relayed":[62],"to":[63,74,95,134,149,186],"gateway":[65],"through":[66,79,158],"routers":[68],"or":[69],"other":[70],"nodes.":[71],"However,":[72],"how":[73],"guarantee":[75],"transmission":[78,192,233],"way":[81],"multiple":[83],"hops":[84],"such":[86],"scenario":[88],"is":[89,123,132,156],"unsolved":[91],"challenge.":[92],"In":[93,125],"order":[94],"improve":[96],"throughput":[98,203],"reduce":[100],"energy":[102,215],"consumption":[103],"nanonetworks":[106],"single-flow":[109],"environment":[110,239],"devices":[114],"restricted,":[116],"flow-guided":[118],"opportunistic":[119],"routing":[120],"(FGOR)":[121],"protocol":[122],"proposed.":[124],"FGOR,":[126],"relative":[128],"position":[129],"(RP)":[130],"model":[131,163,200,224],"proposed":[133],"formulate":[135],"criterion":[137,155],"candidate":[139,171],"relay":[140],"selection":[141],"(CRS)":[142],"enable":[144],"nodes\u2019":[146],"direction":[147],"awareness":[148],"gateway.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"CRS":[154],"redesigned":[157],"mobility":[160],"gradient":[161],"(MG)":[162],"further":[164],"derived":[165],"from":[166],"RP":[168,182,199,220],"model.":[169],"prioritized":[174],"based":[175],"on":[176],"node":[177],"ID,":[178],"available":[179],"energy,":[180],"information":[183],"perform":[187],"backoff":[188],"forwarding":[189],"decreasing":[191],"redundancy.":[193],"Simulation":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"that":[197],"improves":[201],"significantly":[205],"extends":[206],"lifecycle":[208],"nanonetwork":[211],"reducing":[213],"consumption.":[216],"Compared":[217],"with":[218],"model,":[221],"MG":[223],"performs":[225],"better":[226],"terms":[228],"delay":[230],"successful":[232],"rate,":[234],"especially":[235],"within":[236],"circulation":[238],"intrabody.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
